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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access published online on December 26, 2007
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwm374
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American Journal of Epidemiology © The Author 2008. Published by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Letter to the Editor

THE AUTHOR REPLIES

Harri Hemilä

Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland

(e-mail: harri.hemila@helsinki.fi)

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

Marmor et al. (1) state that my letter (2) "implies that placebos and the maintenance of blinding may not be critical to intervention research" (1, p. 000), which is correct. The terms "placebo" and "placebo effect" have different meanings in different contexts (3). In the following comments, the placebo effect primarily indicates the difference in the treatment effect when the control group is administered a placebo and when it is not.

There are interesting studies reporting that placebo analgesia decreases neural responses in brain regions that are pain sensitive (4) and interaction between . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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