Skip Navigation


American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access first published online on November 29, 2007
This version published online on December 28, 2007
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwm321
This Article
Right arrow Full Text Freely available
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
167/4/438    most recent
kwm321v2
kwm321v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Disclaimer
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Weikert, S.
Right arrow Articles by Riboli, E.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Weikert, S.
Right arrow Articles by Riboli, E.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

American Journal of Epidemiology © The Author 2007. Published by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Original Contribution

Blood Pressure and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Steffen Weikert1,2, Heiner Boeing1, Tobias Pischon1, Cornelia Weikert1, Anja Olsen3, Anne Tjonneland3, Kim Overvad4, Nikolaus Becker5, Jakob Linseisen5, Antonia Trichopoulou6, Theodore Mountokalakis7, Dimitrios Trichopoulos8, Sabina Sieri9, Domenico Palli10, Paolo Vineis11, Salvatore Panico12, Petra H. M. Peeters13, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita14, W. M. Monique Verschuren14, Borje Ljungberg15, Goran Hallmans16, Goran Berglund17, Carlos A. González18, Miren Dorronsoro19, Aurelio Barricarte20, M. J. Tormo21, Naomi Allen22, Andrew Roddam22, Sheila Bingham23, Kay-Tee Khaw24, Sabina Rinaldi25, Pietro Ferrari25, Teresa Norat26,27 and Elio Riboli27

1 Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
2 Department of Urology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
3 Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
4 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aalborg Hospital and Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
5 Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
6 Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
7 Hypertension Center, Third Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
8 Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
9 Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
10 Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Center for the Study and Prevention of Cancer-Scientific Institute of Tuscany, Florence, Italy
11 University of Torino, Torino, Italy
12 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
13 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Kingdom of the Netherlands
14 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Center for Nutrition and Health, Bilthoven, Kingdom of the Netherlands
15 Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology, and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
16 Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
17 Department of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
18 Department of Epidemiology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
19 Department of Public Health of Guipuzcoa, San Sebastian, Spain
20 Public Health Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
21 Epidemiology Department, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
22 Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
23 Medical Research Council Dunn Human Nutrition Unit and Centre for Nutritional Epidemiology in Cancer Prevention and Survival, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
24 Clinical Gerontology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
25 Nutrition and Hormones Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
26 Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
27 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Correspondence to Dr. Steffen Weikert, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur Scheunert Allee 114–116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany (e-mail: steffen.weikert{at}charite.de).

Received for publication May 11, 2007. Accepted for publication October 2, 2007.

Elevated blood pressure has been implicated as a risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but prospective studies were confined to men and did not consider the effect of antihypertensive medication. The authors examined the relation among blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, and RCC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Blood pressure was measured in 296,638 women and men, recruited in eight European countries during 1992–1998, 254,935 of whom provided information on antihypertensive medication. During a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, 250 cases of RCC were identified. Blood pressure was independently associated with risk of RCC. The relative risks for the highest versus the lowest category of systolic (≥160 mmHg vs. <120 mmHg) and diastolic (≥100 mmHg vs. <80 mmHg) blood pressures were 2.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.53, 4.02) and 2.34 (95% confidence interval: 1.54, 3.55). Risk estimates did not significantly differ according to sex or use of antihypertensive medication. Individuals taking antihypertensive drugs were not at a significantly increased risk unless blood pressure was poorly controlled. These results support the hypothesis that hypertension, rather than its medications, increases the risk of RCC in both sexes, while effective blood pressure control may lower the risk.

antihypertensive agents; hypertension; kidney neoplasms; risk factors

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; RCC, renal cell carcinoma


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?




Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.