American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access published online on December 28, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwk051
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Ambient Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Emergency Department Visits in Potentially Sensitive Groups
1 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
2 Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
3 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
4 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
Correspondence to Dr. Jennifer L. Peel, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1681 (e-mail: jpeel{at}colostate.edu).
Limited evidence suggests that persons with conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and respiratory conditions may be at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with ambient air pollution. The authors collected data on over 4 million emergency department visits from 31 hospitals in Atlanta, Georgia, between January 1993 and August 2000. Visits for cardiovascular disease were examined in relation to levels of ambient pollutants by use of a case-crossover framework. Heterogeneity of risk was examined for several comorbid conditions. The results included evidence of stronger associations of dysrhythmia and congestive heart failure visits with comorbid hypertension in relation to increased air pollution levels compared with visits without comorbid hypertension; similar evidence of effect modification by diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was observed for dysrhythmia and peripheral and cerebrovascular disease visits, respectively. Evidence of effect modification by comorbid hypertension and diabetes was observed in relation to particulate matter less than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide, while evidence of effect modification by comorbid COPD was also observed in response to ozone levels. These findings provide further evidence of increased susceptibility to adverse cardiovascular events associated with ambient air pollution among persons with hypertension, diabetes, and COPD.
air pollution; arrhythmia; cardiovascular diseases; cerebrovascular disorders; diabetes mellitus; emergency service, hospital; lung diseases, obstructive; peripheral vascular diseases
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision; OR, odds ratio; PM10, particulate matter with an average aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µm
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