American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access published online on September 29, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwj337
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1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Sports-related injuries are an issue of concern in high school sports athletes. A prospective cohort study of injury risk factors was conducted from 1996 to 1999 among varsity high school athletes in 12 sports in 100 North Carolina high schools. Data were collected by trained school personnel. Unadjusted and adjusted incidence rates and rate ratios were estimated using Poisson regression models. The overall rate of injury was 2.08 per 1,000 athlete-exposures (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.79, 2.41). At 3.54 per 1,000 athlete-exposures (95% CI: 2.87, 4.37), football had the highest rate of injury of all sports. The adjusted rate ratio for athletes with a history of injury, compared with those without a prior injury, was 1.94 (95% CI: 1.69, 2.22). The injury rate rose with each year of playing experience (rate ratio = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12). In a subanalysis restricted to gender-comparable sports, boys had a higher rate of injury than did girls (rate ratio = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.79). All other factors did not appear to be independent predictors of the injury rate. The influence of prior injury suggests that proper rehabilitation and primary prevention of the initial injury are important strategies for injury control.
Received February 24, 2006
Accepted May 8, 2006
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
A Prospective Study of Injury Incidence among North Carolina High School Athletes
Sarah B. Knowles 1 *, Stephen W. Marshall 2, J. Michael Bowling 3, Dana Loomis 1, Robert Millikan 1, Jinzhen Yang 4, Nancy L. Weaver 5, William Kalsbeek 6, and Frederick O. Mueller 7
2 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; The University of North Carolina Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
3 The University of North Carolina Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
4 Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
5 Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, School of Public Health, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
6 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
7 Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
Sarah B. Knowles, E-mail: knowless{at}pamfri.org
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