American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access published online on September 12, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwj325
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1 Musculoskeletal Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Epicondylitis is a common disorder of the arm, yet the role of individual- and work-related factors has not been addressed in a population study. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of lateral and medial epicondylitis and to investigate their risk factors. The target population of this study comprised a representative sample of people aged 30-64 years residing in Finland during 2000-2001. Of the 5,871 subjects, 4,783 (81.5%) were included in this study. The prevalence of definite lateral epicondylitis was 1.3%, and that of medial epicondylitis was 0.4%. The prevalence did not differ between men and women and was highest in subjects aged 45-54 years. Current smoking (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 8.3) and former smoking (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.3, 6.6) were associated with definite lateral epicondylitis. An interaction (p = 0.002) was found between repetitive movements of the arms and forceful activities for the risk of possible or definite lateral epicondylitis (for both repetitive and forceful activities vs. no such activity: OR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.9, 16.5). Smoking, obesity, repetitive movements, and forceful activities independently of each other showed significant associations with medial epicondylitis. Epicondylitis is relatively common among working-age individuals in the general population. Physical load factors, smoking, and obesity are strong determinants of epicondylitis.
Received October 27, 2005
Accepted April 28, 2006
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Prevalence and Determinants of Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis: A Population Study
Rahman Shiri 1 *, Eira Viikari-Juntura 1, Helena Varonen 1, and Markku Heliövaara 2
2 Department of Health and Functional Capacity, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Rahman Shiri, E-mail: rahman.shiri{at}ttl.fi
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