American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access published online on June 26, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwj240
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1 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. The authors conducted a nested case-control study from 1992 to 2003 among US women aged 45 years or older and free from cardiovascular disease and cancer to examine the prospective association among plasma lycopene, other carotenoids, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. During 10 years of follow-up, 470 cases of incident type 2 diabetes were selected and individually matched on age (±1 year) and follow-up time to 470 nondiabetic controls. Baseline plasma levels of lycopene,
Received December 14, 2005
Accepted March 9, 2006
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Plasma Lycopene, Other Carotenoids, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Lu Wang 1 *,
Simin Liu 2,
Aruna D. Pradhan 1,
JoAnn E. Manson 2,
Julie E. Buring 3,
J. Michael Gaziano 4,
and
Howard D. Sesso 4
2 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
3 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
4 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
Lu Wang, E-mail: luwang{at}rics.bwh.harvard.edu
Abstract 
-carotene, 
-carotene, -cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin were similar in cases and controls (all p > 0.05). A possible crude inverse association between plasma lycopene and risk of type 2 diabetes was attenuated upon multivariate adjustment. After control for plasma total cholesterol and known diabetes risk factors, the multivariate odds ratios of type 2 diabetes in the highest versus the lowest quartile of plasma carotenoids were 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60, 2.13) for lycopene, 1.27 (95% CI: 0.63, 2.57) for -carotene, 1.10 (95% CI: 0.57, 2.13) for -carotene, 0.91 (95% CI: 0.46, 1.81) for -cryptoxanthin, and 1.35 (95% CI: 0.68, 2.69) for lutein/zeaxanthin. There was no prospective association between baseline plasma carotenoids and the risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and older women.
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