American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access published online on July 7, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwj232
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1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan; Department of Urology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Shift workers have been reported to have an increased risk of some cancers. However, the risk of prostate cancer in shift workers is not known to have been examined previously. This study prospectively examined the association between shift work and risk of prostate cancer incidence among 14,052 working men in Japan enrolled in a large-scale prospective cohort. A baseline survey was conducted between 1988 and 1990. Subjects were asked to indicate the most regular work schedule they had undertaken previously: day work, rotating-shift work, or fixed-night work. During 111,974 person-years, 31 cases of prostate cancer were recorded. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risk, with adjustments for age, family history of prostate cancer, study area surveyed, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, job type, physical activity at work, workplace, perceived stress, educational level, and marriage status. Compared with day workers, rotating-shift workers were significantly at risk for prostate cancer (relative risk = 3.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 7.7), whereas fixed-night work was associated with a small and nonsignificant increase in risk. This report is the first known to reveal a significant relation between rotating-shift work and prostate cancer.
Received September 2, 2005
Accepted March 7, 2006
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Prospective Cohort Study of the Risk of Prostate Cancer among Rotating-Shift Workers: Findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study
Tatsuhiko Kubo 1 *,
Kotaro Ozasa 2,
Kazuya Mikami 3,
Kenji Wakai 4,
Yoshihisa Fujino 5,
Yoshiyuki Watanabe 2,
Tsuneharu Miki 3,
Masahiro Nakao 6,
Kyohei Hayashi 2,
Koji Suzuki 7,
Mitsuru Mori 8,
Masakazu Washio 8,
Fumio Sakauchi 8,
Yoshinori Ito 9,
Takesumi Yoshimura 10,
and
Akiko Tamakoshi 9
2 Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
3 Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
4 Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
5 Fukuoka Institute of Occupational Health, Fukuoka, Japan
6 Department of Urology, Meiji University of Oriental Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
7 Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
8 Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
9 Department of Preventive Medicine/Biostatistics and Medical Decision Making, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
10 Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Japan
Tatsuhiko Kubo, E-mail: kubo{at}med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
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