American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access published online on April 5, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwj139
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1 Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. The authors' aim in this study was to analyze the association of nocturia with overweight and obesity. In 2003-2004, a questionnaire was mailed to 6,000 randomly selected Finns aged 18-79 years who were identified from the Finnish Population Register Centre. Information on nocturia was collected through questionnaires using the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score and the American Urological Association Symptom Index. Self-reported body weight and height were used to calculate body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2). Subjects were classified on the basis of BMI as nonoverweight (BMI <25), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kgm2), or obese (BMI
Received July 12, 2005
Accepted January 5, 2006
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Nocturia and Obesity: A Population-based Study in Finland
Kari A. O. Tikkinen 1 *,
Anssi Auvinen 2,
Heini Huhtala 2,
and
Teuvo L. J. Tammela 3
2 Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
3 Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
Kari A. O. Tikkinen, E-mail: kari.tikkinen{at}uta.fi
Abstract 
30). Of the 6,000 subjects, 62.4% participated. Among men, the age-standardized prevalence of nocturia, defined as at least one void per night, was 33.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 28.5, 38.3) in the nonoverweight, 35.8% (95% CI: 31.4, 40.1) in the overweight, and 48.2% (95% CI: 38.8, 57.6) in the obese. Among women, the corresponding figures were 37.2% (95% CI: 33.0, 41.5) in the nonoverweight, 48.3% (95% CI: 42.5, 54.2) in the overweight, and 53.6% (95% CI: 43.9, 63.2) in the obese. The associations remained similar when nocturia was defined as two or more voids per night. The age-standardized attributable fraction (population) of increased BMI for nocturia was 17.7% for men and 18.5% for women, corresponding to an 8.5% increase in the crude prevalence of nocturia in men and a 13.9% increase in women. The authors conclude that obesity is associated with increased nocturia, more strongly among women than among men.
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