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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access published online on January 18, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwj064
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American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright © 2006 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved; printed in U.S.A.
Received May 18, 2005
Accepted October 20, 2005

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Drug Dependence Enviromics: Job Strain in the Work Environment and Risk of Becoming Drug-Dependent

Philip L. Reed 1 *, Carla L. Storr 2, and James C. Anthony 1

1 Department of Epidemiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
2 Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Philip L. Reed, E-mail: preed{at}epi.msu.edu


  Abstract

In a prospective epidemiologic study of a sample of young adults, the authors estimated the risks of being drug-dependent and becoming drug-dependent in relation to the psychosocial work environment encountered during young adulthood. Data were obtained from two young adult assessments of 2,311 children who entered the first grade of primary school in 1985-1986. A total of 1,692 participants completed the first young adult assessment (YAT0) in 2000-2002, and a follow-up young adult assessment (YAT1) was completed approximately 1 year later. Work environments characterized by high job strain (low job control combined with high job demands assessed at YAT0) signaled a 2- to 3-fold excess risk of being drug-dependent (adjusted prevalence ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 4.0). In reestimation for 861 young adults (61% female) with no drug dependence at YAT0, low job control alone was associated with a 2- to 3-fold excess risk of developing drug dependence (adjusted relative risk = 2.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 6.5) between YAT0 and YAT1. The relative risk estimates did not change appreciably with statistical adjustment for demographic covariates, individual drugs used, childhood predispositional traits, job characteristics, and measurements of socioeconomic status at three time points (first grade, adolescence, and young adulthood).

Keywords: cohort studies; occupational exposure; occupations; social class; stress; substance-related disorders; workplace.
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