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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access published online on October 19, 2005
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwi321
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American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright © 2005 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved; printed in U.S.A.
Received May 13, 2005
Accepted June 23, 2005

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Cancer Incidence among Male Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort Exposed to Diazinon

Laura E. Beane Freeman 1, Matthew R. Bonner 2, Aaron Blair 2, Jane A. Hoppin 3, Dale P. Sandler 3, Jay H. Lubin 2, Mustafa Dosemeci 2, Charles F. Lynch 4, Charles Knott 5, and Michael C. R. Alavanja 2*

1 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD; Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
2 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
3 Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
4 Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
5 Battelle/Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation, Durham, NC

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Michael C. R. Alavanja, E-mail: alavanjm{at}mail.nih.gov


  Abstract

Little is known about the potential carcinogenicity associated with routine application of diazinon, a common organophosphate insecticide. The authors explored a possible association of diazinon exposure with cancer risk in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina enrolled in 1993-1997. A total of 23,106 male applicators provided information in a self-administered questionnaire. Among 4,961 applicators who reported using diazinon, 301 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during the follow-up period ending December 2002 compared with 968 cases among 18,145 participants who reported no use. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Two quantitative exposure metrics were used: lifetime exposure days and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days, a measure that incorporates probability of pesticide exposure with lifetime pesticide application frequency. When lifetime exposure days were used, increased risks for the highest tertile of exposure and significant tests for trend for lung cancer and leukemia were observed. No other cancer site showed an association with diazinon for the highest tertile of exposure. Because these results were based on small numbers, additional analyses are necessary as more cases accrue to clarify whether diazinon is associated with cancer risk in humans.

Keywords: cohort studies; diazinon; insecticides; neoplasms; pesticides.
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