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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access published online on October 5, 2005
American Journal of Epidemiology, doi:10.1093/aje/kwi316
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American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright © 2005 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved; printed in U.S.A.
Received January 17, 2005
Accepted June 15, 2005

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Spatial Distribution and Registry-based Case-Control Analysis of Campylobacter Infections in Denmark, 1991-2001

Steen Ethelberg 1*, Jacob Simonsen 1, Peter Gerner-Smidt 1, Katharina E. P. Olsen 1, and Kåre Mølbak 1

1 From the Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Steen Ethelberg, E-mail: set{at}ssi.dk


  Abstract

Using data from an 11-year period (1991-2001), the authors analyzed available information on location of residence for all registered, laboratory-confirmed, domestically acquired cases of campylobacteriosis in Denmark. Patient data were merged with data from a national register on housing and addresses, and a population density index was constructed using the Danish population register. The study was performed as a register-based case-control study; 15 age-matched controls for each case were selected from the national population register. A total of 22,066 cases were compared with 318,958 controls in logistic regression analysis. Living in types of housing found in rural areas and living in areas with a low population density were both associated with an increased risk of infection. This relation concerned children in particular and explained one third of cases among children in the countryside. Furthermore, in some counties there was an association between infection and type of drinking-water company serving the home. This study indicated that contact with animals or the environment is the source of a substantial proportion of sporadic Campylobacter infections in the Danish countryside, particularly among children.

Keywords: Campylobacter; case-control studies; registries; risk factors; water.
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