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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on March 6, 2009
American Journal of Epidemiology 2009 169(8):969-976; doi:10.1093/aje/kwp018
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American Journal of Epidemiology © The Author 2009. Published by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Positive Associations Between Ionizing Radiation and Lymphoma Mortality Among Men

David B. Richardson, Hiromi Sugiyama, Steve Wing, Ritsu Sakata, Eric Grant, Yukiko Shimizu, Nobuo Nishi, Susan Geyer, Midori Soda, Akihiko Suyama, Fumiyoshi Kasagi and Kazunori Kodama

Correspondence to Dr. David B. Richardson, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (e-mail: david.richardson{at}unc.edu).

Received for publication August 7, 2008. Accepted for publication January 8, 2009.

The authors investigated the relation between ionizing radiation and lymphoma mortality in 2 cohorts: 1) 20,940 men in the Life Span Study, a study of Japanese atomic bomb survivors who were aged 15–64 years at the time of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and 2) 15,264 male nuclear weapons workers who were hired at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina between 1950 and 1986. Radiation dose-mortality trends were evaluated for all malignant lymphomas and for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Positive associations between lymphoma mortality and radiation dose under a 5-year lag assumption were observed in both cohorts (excess relative rates per sievert were 0.79 (90% confidence interval: 0.10, 1.88) and 6.99 (90% confidence interval: 0.96, 18.39), respectively). Exclusion of deaths due to Hodgkin's disease led to small changes in the estimates of association. In each cohort, evidence of a dose-response association was primarily observed more than 35 years after irradiation. These findings suggest a protracted induction and latency period for radiation-induced lymphoma mortality.

lymphoma; mortality; nuclear weapons; radiation, ionizing

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ERR, excess relative rate; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; LRT, likelihood ratio test; LSS, Life Span Study; ND, not determined; NHL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; SRS, Savannah River Site


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