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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on April 9, 2009
American Journal of Epidemiology 2009 169(10):1223-1232; doi:10.1093/aje/kwp022
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American Journal of Epidemiology © 2009 The Authors
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Serum Vitamin D and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Case-Control Analysis Nested Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Ruth C. Travis, Francesca L. Crowe, Naomi E. Allen, Paul N. Appleby, Andrew W. Roddam, Anne Tjønneland, Anja Olsen, Jakob Linseisen, Rudolf Kaaks, Heiner Boeing, Janine Kröger, Antonia Trichopoulou, Vardis Dilis, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Paolo Vineis, Domenico Palli, Rosario Tumino, Sabina Sieri, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Fränzel J. B. van Duijnhoven, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Aurelio Barricarte, Nerea Larrañaga, Carlos A. González, Marcial V. Argüelles, Maria-José Sánchez, Pär Stattin, Göran Hallmans, Kay-Tee Khaw, Sheila Bingham, Sabina Rinaldi, Nadia Slimani, Mazda Jenab, Elio Riboli and Timothy J. Key

Correspondence to Dr. Francesca L. Crowe, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom (e-mail: francesca.crowe{at}ceu.ox.ac.uk).

Received for publication August 20, 2008. Accepted for publication January 15, 2009.

Results from the majority of studies show little association between circulating concentrations of vitamin D and prostate cancer risk, a finding that has not been demonstrated in a wider European population, however. The authors examined whether vitamin D concentrations were associated with prostate cancer risk in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (1994–2000). Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured in 652 prostate cancer cases matched to 752 controls from 7 European countries after a median follow-up time of 4.1 years. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios for prostate cancer risk in relation to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D after standardizing for month of blood collection and adjusting for covariates. No significant association was found between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of prostate cancer (highest vs. lowest quintile: odds ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.88; P for trend = 0.188). Subgroup analyses showed no significant heterogeneity by cancer stage or grade, age at diagnosis, body mass index, time from blood collection to diagnosis, or calcium intake. In summary, the results of this large nested case-control study provide no evidence in support of a protective effect of circulating concentrations of vitamin D on the risk of prostate cancer.

prostatic neoplasms; serum; vitamin D; 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2

Abbreviations: EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D


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