American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on April 11, 2008
American Journal of Epidemiology 2008 167(11):1321-1331; doi:10.1093/aje/kwn058
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Personal Use of Hair Dye and the Risk of Certain Subtypes of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
1 Environmental Science Division, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
2 Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
4 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
5 Genetics and Epidemiology Cluster, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
6 Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
7 Registry of Hematological Malignancies, Burgundy University and University Hospital, Dijon, France
8 Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
9 Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
10 School of Public Health and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
11 Department of Cancer Epidemiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
Correspondence to Dr. Yawei Zhang, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, LEPH 440, New Haven, CT 06520 (e-mail: yawei.zhang{at}yale.edu) or Dr. Tongzhang Zheng, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, LEPH 444, New Haven, CT 06520 (e-mail: tongzhang.zheng{at}yale.edu).
Received for publication December 6, 2007. Accepted for publication February 20, 2008.
Personal use of hair dye has been inconsistently linked to risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), perhaps because of small samples or a lack of detailed information on personal hair-dye use in previous studies. This study included 4,461 NHL cases and 5,799 controls from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium 1988–2003. Increased risk of NHL (odds ratio (OR) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 1.4) associated with hair-dye use was observed among women who began using hair dye before 1980. Analyses by NHL subtype showed increased risk for follicular lymphoma (FL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) but not for other NHL subtypes. The increased risks of FL (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.9) and CLL/SLL (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.0) were mainly observed among women who started using hair dyes before 1980. For women who began using hair dye in 1980 or afterward, increased FL risk was limited to users of dark-colored dyes (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.0). These results indicate that personal hair-dye use may play a role in risks of FL and CLL/SLL in women who started use before 1980 and that increased risk of FL among women who started use during or after 1980 cannot be excluded.
case-control studies; hair dyes; lymphoma, non-Hodgkin
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CLL/SLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma; InterLymph, International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; OR, odds ratio; PPD, paraphenylenediamine
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