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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on June 20, 2007
American Journal of Epidemiology 2007 166(5):561-567; doi:10.1093/aje/kwm127
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American Journal of Epidemiology © The Author 2007. Published by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Plasma Urate and Risk of Parkinson's Disease

MG Weisskopf1,2, E O'Reilly2, H Chen3, MA Schwarzschild4 and A Ascherio2,5

1 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
2 Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
3 Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
4 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
5 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

Correspondence to Dr. Marc G. Weisskopf, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Landmark Center, Third Floor East, P.O. Box 15697, Boston, MA 02215 (e-mail: mweissko{at}hsph.harvard.edu).

Received for publication December 11, 2006. Accepted for publication March 13, 2007.

Oxidative stress contributes to dopaminergic neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Urate, a potent antioxidant, could be neuroprotective. To determine whether higher plasma concentrations of urate predict a reduced risk of Parkinson's disease, the authors conducted a nested case-control study among participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a cohort comprising over 18,000 men who provided blood samples in 1993–1995. Eighty-four incident cases of Parkinson's disease were diagnosed through 2000, and each was randomly matched to two controls by year of birth, race, and time of blood collection. Rate ratios of Parkinson's disease according to quartile of uricemia were estimated by use of conditional logistic regression. The mean urate concentration was 5.7 mg/dl among cases and 6.1 mg/dl among controls (p = 0.01). After adjustment for age, smoking, and caffeine, the rate ratio of Parkinson's disease for the highest quartile of uricemia compared with the lowest was 0.43 (95% confidence interval: 0.18, 1.02; ptrend = 0.017). This association was stronger in analyses excluding cases diagnosed within 4 years (median) from blood collection (rate ratio = 0.17, 95% confidence interval: 0.04, 0.69; ptrend = 0.010). These results suggest that high plasma urate concentrations may decrease the risk of Parkinson's disease, and they raise the possibility that interventions to increase plasma urate may reduce the risk and delay the progression of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson disease; prospective studies; uric acid

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval


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