American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on November 16, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology 2007 165(4):355-363; doi:10.1093/aje/kwk019
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Body Size, Dairy Consumption, Puberty, and Risk of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
1 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
2 US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Washington, DC
3 Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC
4 Battelle Institute Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation, Durham, NC
5 Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Division of Preventive Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Defense, Silver Spring, MD
Correspondence to Dr. Katherine A. McGlynn, Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, EPS/7060, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20892-7234 (e-mail: mcglynnk{at}mail.nih.gov).
Received for publication March 27, 2006. Accepted for publication July 10, 2006.
The etiology of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) is poorly understood, with cryptorchidism and family history being the only well-established risk factors. Body size, age at puberty, and dairy consumption, however, have been suggested to be related to TGCTs. To clarify the relation of these variables to TGCT risk and to one another, the authors analyzed data from 767 cases and 928 controls enrolled in the Servicemen's Testicular Tumor Environmental and Endocrine Determinants Study (2002–2005). Overall, increased height was significantly related to risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36, 2.45), though body mass index was not (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.69). There was no association with age at puberty, based on ages at first shaving (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.73), voice changing (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.32), and nocturnal emissions (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.37). Similarly, there was no relation with dairy consumption at any age between birth and 12th grade. These results suggest that height is a risk factor for TGCTs, but the relation is unlikely explained by childhood dairy consumption. As adult height is largely determined in the first 2 years of life, increased attention to events in this interval may help elucidate the etiology of TGCTs.
body height; diet; puberty; testicular neoplasms
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DoDSR, Department of Defense Serum Repository; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; TGCT, testicular germ cell tumor
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