American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on November 28, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology 2007 165(3):309-318; doi:10.1093/aje/kwk018
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Factors Associated with Prevalent and Incident Urinary Incontinence in a Cohort of Midlife Women: A Longitudinal Analysis of Data
Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA
2 Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, CA
3 Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA
4 School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
5 Kaiser Permanente Department of Research, Oakland, CA
6 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
7 Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA
Correspondence to Dr. L. Elaine Waetjen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2500, Sacramento, CA 95817 (e-mail: lewaetjen{at}ucdavis.edu).
To compare the characteristics of and baseline factors associated with prevalent and incident urinary incontinence in a diverse cohort of midlife women, the authors analyzed the baseline and first five annual follow-up visits of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), 1995–2001. From responses to annual questionnaires, the authors defined prevalent incontinence as at least monthly incontinence reported at baseline and incident incontinence as at least monthly incontinence first reported over follow-up. They used multiple logistic regression for their comparison. The mean age of their cohort at baseline was 45.8 (standard deviation: 2.7) years. Prevalent incontinence was 46.7%, and the average incidence was 11.1% per year. Most women reported stress, but a higher proportion developed urge incontinence (15.9% vs. 7.6% at baseline). African Americans (29.5%) and Hispanics (27.5%) had the lowest prevalence of incontinence; African Americans (11.6%) and Caucasians (13.4%) had the highest average annual incidence. Parity, diabetes, fibroids, and poor social support were associated with prevalent incontinence, while high body mass index, high symptom sensitivity, and poor health were associated with incident incontinence. In midlife women, incident incontinence is mild with different characteristics and baseline risk factors; overweight women have a higher risk of developing incontinence.
cohort studies; incidence; middle aged; prevalence; urinary incontinence; women
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SWAN, Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
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