American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on October 10, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology 2006 164(12):1190-1198; doi:10.1093/aje/kwj338
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Living near Main Streets and Respiratory Symptoms in Adults
The Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults
1 Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
2 Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
3 Zuercher Hoehenklinik, Wald, Switzerland
4 Hôpital Intercantonal de la Broye, Payerne, Switzerland
5 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lausanne, Switzerland
Correspondence to Dr. Lucy Bayer-Oglesby, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Basel, Steinengraben 49, Basel CH-4055, Switzerland (e-mail: lucy.oglesby{at}unibas.ch).
The Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA), conducted in 1991 (SAPALDIA 1) in eight areas among 9,651 randomly selected adults aged 18–60 years, reported associations among the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, nitrogen dioxide, and particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µg/m3. Later, 8,047 subjects reenrolled in 2002 (SAPALDIA 2). The effects of individually assigned traffic exposures on reported respiratory symptoms were estimated, while controlling for socioeconomic and exposure- and health-related factors. The risk of attacks of breathlessness increased for all subjects by 13% (95% confidence interval: 3, 24) per 500-m increment in the length of main street segments within 200 m of the home and decreased in never smokers by 12% (95% confidence interval: 0, 22) per 100-m increment in distance from home to a main street. Living within 20 m of a main street increased the risks of regular phlegm by 15% (95% confidence interval: 0, 31) and wheezing with breathing problems by 34% (95% confidence interval: 0, 79) in never smokers. In 2002, the effects related to road distance were different from those in 1991, which could be due to changes in the traffic pollution mixture. These findings among a general population provide strong confirmation that living near busy streets leads to adverse respiratory health effects.
cohort studies; environmental exposure; geographic information systems; motor vehicles; prevalence; respiratory tract diseases; Switzerland
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; PM10, particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µg/m3 (PM2.5 defined analogously); SAPALDIA, Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults
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