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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on August 16, 2006
American Journal of Epidemiology 2006 164(10):947-954; doi:10.1093/aje/kwj280
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American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright © 2006 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved; printed in U.S.A.

Original Contribution

Association between Reduced Sleep and Weight Gain in Women

Sanjay R. Patel1, Atul Malhotra2,3, David P. White2,3, Daniel J. Gottlieb4 and Frank B. Hu3,5,6

1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
2 Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
3 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
4 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston University and VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
5 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
6 Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

Correspondence to Dr. Sanjay R. Patel, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Triangle Building, Room 260, 11400 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 (e-mail: srp20{at}case.edu).

Physiologic studies suggest that sleep restriction has metabolic effects that predispose to weight gain. The authors investigated the association between self-reported usual sleep duration and subsequent weight gain in the Nurses' Health Study. The 68,183 women who reported habitual sleep duration in 1986 were followed for 16 years. In analyses adjusted for age and body mass index, women sleeping 5 hours or less gained 1.14 kg (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 1.79) more than did those sleeping 7 hours over 16 years, and women sleeping 6 hours gained 0.71 kg (95% CI: 0.41, 1.00) more. The relative risks of a 15-kg weight gain were 1.32 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.47) and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.19) for those sleeping 5 and 6 hours, respectively. The relative risks for incident obesity (body mass index: >30 kg/m2) were 1.15 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.26) and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.11). These associations remained significant after inclusion of important covariates and were not affected by adjustment for physical activity or dietary consumption. These data suggest that short sleep duration is associated with a modest increase in future weight gain and incident obesity. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which sleep duration may affect weight.

obesity; sleep deprivation; weight gain; women

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MET, metabolic equivalent task


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