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American Journal of Epidemiology Advance Access originally published online on August 10, 2005
American Journal of Epidemiology 2005 162(6):508-510; doi:10.1093/aje/kwi234
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American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright © 2005 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Invited Commentary: Considering Bias in the Assessment of Respiratory Symptoms among Residents of Lower Manhattan following the Events of September 11, 2001

David Vlahov and Sandro Galea

From the Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY

Correspondence to Dr. David Vlahov, Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10029 (e-mail: dvlahov@nyam.org).

Received for publication January 13, 2005. Accepted for publication April 1, 2005.

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   INTRODUCTION
 
The report by Lin et al. (1Go) in this issue of the Journal presents data on past-year and past-month respiratory symptoms among residents of Lower Manhattan after the September 11, 2001, attack on and collapse of the World Trade Center, as compared with residents of Manhattan's Upper West Side. Residents of both areas were surveyed 8–16 months after the attack. The recorded frequency of symptoms after September 11 was higher in the exposed area than in the unexposed (or less exposed) area. The pervasiveness of the smoke, dust, and debris that permeated parts of Lower Manhattan for months after the September 11 attacks makes the respiratory tract irritation and symptoms reported by the residents in this study entirely plausible. While respiratory irritation and symptoms have been described in firefighters who were heavily exposed during these events (2Go), this study is noteworthy and laudable for its attempt to focus . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   BIAS
 

   EXPOSURE AND OUTCOME ASSESSMENT
 

   POTENTIAL CONFOUNDING
 

   CONCLUSION
 

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