ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Influence of Paternal Age on the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion
1 U569 "Epidemiology, Demography, and Social Sciences," IFR69, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
2 National Institute for Demographic Studies (INED), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
3 Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
4 Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control, California Department of Health Services, Oakland, CA
5 Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftforschung, Berlin, Germany
6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
Correspondence to Dr. Rémy Slama, INSERM U569, 82 rue du Général Leclerc, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France (e-mail: slama{at}vjf.inserm.fr).
The frequency of chromosomal anomalies in spermatozoa appears to increase with male age. Because these anomalies play a role in the etiology of spontaneous abortion, an influence of paternal age on risk of spontaneous abortion is plausible but not established. The aim was to characterize this influence in a prospective study among 5,121 California women, who as members of a prepaid health plan were interviewed in 1990 or 1991 when they were less than 13 weeks' pregnant and who were followed until the end of pregnancy. The risk of spontaneous abortion between weeks 6 and 20 of pregnancy was studied using a Cox model adjusted for maternal age. The adjusted hazard ratio of spontaneous abortion associated with paternal age of 35 years or more, compared with less than 35 years, was 1.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.61), with no modification by maternal age. Among women aged less than 30 years, the hazard ratio of spontaneous abortion associated with paternal age of 35 years or more was 1.56 for first trimester spontaneous abortion and 0.87 for early second trimester spontaneous abortion (test of interaction, p = 0.25). In conclusion, the risk of spontaneous abortion increased with increasing paternal age, with a suggestion that the association is stronger for first trimester losses.
abortion, spontaneous; confounding factors (epidemiology); maternal age; paternal age; pregnancy
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio
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