Copyright © 2004 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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Poliovirus Vaccination during Pregnancy, Maternal Seroconversion to Simian Virus 40, and Risk of Childhood Cancer
1 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD.
2 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
3 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
4 Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD.
Before 1963, poliovirus vaccine produced in the United States was contaminated with simian virus 40 (SV40), which causes cancer in animals. To examine whether early-life SV40 infection can cause human cancer, the authors studied 54,796 children enrolled in the US-based Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) in 1959–1966, 52 of whom developed cancer by their eighth birthday. Those children whose mothers had received pre-1963 poliovirus vaccine during pregnancy (22.5% of the children) had an increased incidence of neural tumors (hazard ratio = 2.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 6.7; 18 cases) and hematologic malignancies (hazard ratio = 2.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 6.4; 22 cases). For 50 CPP children with cancer and 200 CPP control children, the authors tested paired maternal serum samples from pregnancy for SV40 antibodies using a virus-like particle enzyme immunoassay and a plaque neutralization assay. Overall, mothers exhibited infrequent, low-level SV40 antibody reactivity, and only six case mothers seroconverted by either assay. Using the two SV40 assays, maternal SV40 seroconversion during pregnancy was not consistently related to children’s case/control status or mothers’ receipt of pre-1963 vaccine. The authors conclude that an increased cancer risk in CPP children whose mothers received pre-1963 poliovirus vaccine was unlikely to have been due to SV40 infection transmitted from mothers to their children.
BK virus; brain neoplasms; child; leukemia; neoplasms; poliovirus; poliovirus vaccines; simian virus 40
Abbreviations: Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ORSA, sampling-adjusted odds ratio; SV40, simian virus 40; VLP, virus-like particle.
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