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Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158:312-315.
Copyright © 2003 by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Invited Commentary: Use of Selective Viral Cultures to Adjust Nonvirologic Endpoints in Studies of Influenza Vaccine Efficacy

Arnold S. Monto 

From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Received for publication April 17, 2003; accepted for publication May 22, 2003.

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Inactivated vaccine: endpoints used to determine efficacies
Influenza vaccine was first developed during the Second World War to protect the US military and to maintain readiness of combat troops (1). The virus was grown in fertile eggs, and the antigen was concentrated and inactivated before administration. Vaccines currently licensed for use in the United States are produced by using similar techniques. They are now more highly standardized, and the virus has been disrupted so that viral components considered unnecessary for protection can be removed; in general, however, they are little changed from those developed approximately 60 years ago (2). Most estimates of protective efficacy are also old. Nearly every year through the 1960s, randomized controlled trials comparing vaccine with placebo were conducted in the US military. The endpoint for comparison was infection as determined not by virus isolation but by rise in antibody titer, based on the hemagglutination-inhibition test, between the blood specimens . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Efficacy studies of live-attenuated vaccines
The Texas community studies

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Related articles in Am. J. Epidemiol.:

Estimating Efficacy of Trivalent, Cold-adapted, Influenza Virus Vaccine (CAIV-T) against Influenza A (H1N1) and B Using Surveillance Cultures
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Am. J. Epidemiol. 2003 158: 305-311. [Abstract] [FREE Full Text]  



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