American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 154, No. 9 : 817-826
Copyright © 2001 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
Associations between Daily Cause-specific Mortality and Concentrations of Ground-level Ozone in Montreal, Quebec
1 Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
2 Joint Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and of Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
3 Environmental Health Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
4 Air Quality Processes Research Division, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment Canada, and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
5 Department of Health Studies and Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
The authors investigated the association between daily variations in ozone and cause-specific mortality. Fixed-site air pollution monitors in Montreal, Quebec, provided daily mean levels of ozone, particles, and other gaseous pollutants. Information on the date and underlying cause of death was obtained for residents of Montreal who died in the city between 1984 and 1993. The authors regressed the logarithm of daily counts of cause-specific mortality on mean levels of ozone, after accounting for seasonal and subseasonal fluctuations in the mortality time series, non-Poisson dispersion, and weather variables. The effect of ozone on mortality was generally higher in the warm season and among persons aged 65 years or over. For an increase in the 3-day running mean concentration of ozone of 21.3 µg/m3, the percentage of increase in daily deaths in the warm season was the following: nonaccidental deaths, 3.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7, 5.0); cancer, 3.9% (95% CI: 1.0, 6.91); cardiovascular diseases, 2.5% (95% CI: 0.2, 5.0); and respiratory diseases, 6.6% (95% CI: 1.8, 11.8). These results were independent of the effects of other pollutants and were consistent with a log-linear response function.
air pollution; cardiovascular diseases; mortality; neoplasms; ozone; respiratory tract diseases
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LOESS, locally weighted regression smoothers; MPC, mean percentage of change in daily mortality; PM10 and PM2.5, particulates having aerodynamic diameters of 10 µm or under and 2.5 µm or under, respectively.
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