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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 154, No. 2 : 145-149
Copyright © 2001 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Dietary Antioxidants and Peripheral Arterial Disease

The Rotterdam Study

Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch1,2, Johanna H. den Breeijen3, Diederick E. Grobbee3, Heiner Boeing2, Albert Hofman1 and Jacqueline C. M. Witteman1

1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
2 Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany.
3 Julius Center for Patient Oriented Research, Utrecht University Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

This study examined cross-sectionally the association of dietary ß-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E with peripheral arterial disease in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (1990–1993). The 4,367 subjects from the Rotterdam Study were aged 55–94 years and had no previous cardiovascular disease at baseline. Diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Peripheral arterial disease was defined as an ankle-arm systolic blood pressure index (AAI) of <=0.9 and was present in 204 men and 370 women. In multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses, vitamin C intake was significantly inversely associated with peripheral arterial disease in women (highest vs. lowest quartile: relative risk = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48, 0.89; ptrend = 0.006), and a 100-mg increase in intake was associated with a 0.013 AAI increase (95% CI: 0.001, 0.025). In men, vitamin E intake was inversely associated with peripheral arterial disease (relative risk = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.44, 1.03; ptrend = 0.067); a 10-mg increase in intake was associated with a 0.015 AAI increase (95% CI: 0.001, 0.031). Whether these differences in antioxidant intake and the risk of a low AAI and of peripheral arterial disease between sexes are attributable to a different food pattern for men compared with women remains to be elucidated.

antioxidants; arterial occlusive diseases; ascorbic acid; beta carotene; cardiovascular diseases; cross-sectional studies; diet; vitamin E

Abbreviations: AAI, ankle-arm systolic blood pressure index; CI, confidence interval


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