American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 149, No. 5: 421-428
Copyright © 1999 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Dietary Iron and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in the Rotterdam Study
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School otterdam, the Netherlands
2Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrucke, Germany
3Julius Center for Patient Oriented Research, Utrecht University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands
4TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute Zeist, the Netherlands
Reprint requests to Dr. J. C. M. Witteman, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School, PO Box 1738 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Free iron has been implicated in lipid peroxidation and ischemic myocardial damage, and it has been suggested that iron is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. The authors investigated whether dietary iron is associated with an increased risk of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction in the Rotterdam Study, a community-based prospective cohort study of 7,983 elderly subjects in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The study sample consisted of 4,802 participants who at baseline had no known history of myocardial infarction and for whom dietary data were available. From 1990 to 1996, 124 subjects had a myocardial infarction. No association was observed between total iron intake and risk of myocardial infarction after adjustment for age and sex (relative risk for the highest vs. the lowest tertile of intake = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.55–1.45, p for trend = 0.640). Heme iron intake was positively associated with risk of myocardial infarction (relative risk for the highest vs. the lowest tertile of intake = 1.83, 95% Cl 1.16–2.91, pfor trend = 0.008) after adjustment for age and sex, and this association persisted after multivariate adjustment (relative risk = 1.86, 95% Cl 1.14–3.09, p for trend = 0.010). A distinction between fatal and nonfatal cases of myocardial infarction indicated that the association of heme iron with myocardial infarction was more pronounced in fatal cases. The results suggest that a high dietary heme iron intake is related to an increased risk of myocardial infarction and that it may specifically affect the rate of fatality from myocardial infarction. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:421–8.
coronary disease; elderly; iron; dietary; myocardial infarction
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