American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 148, No. 8: 793-797
Copyright © 1998 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Co-twin Study of the Effect of Environment and Dietary Elements on Acquisition of Helicobacter pylori Infection
1Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX
2Division of Molecular Virology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX
3Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, the Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
4Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Uppsala, Sweden
Reprint requests to Dr. Hoda M. Malaty, Veterans Affairs Medical Center (111D), Room 3A352, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030.
The rate of Helicobacter pylori infection is inversely related to socioeconomic status, and childhood is thought to be the major acquisition period. The authors investigated the importance of childhood environment in the acquisition of H. pylori infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted of monozygotic and dizygotic twins who were reared apart or reared together. Three hundred twins from a subregistry of the Swedish Twin Registry were studied. H. pylori status was evaluated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G. Socioeconomic status during childhood was assessed on the basis of the density of the living conditions and the economic situation of the family that reared the twins. Current socioeconomic status was estimated by using a scale that combined income and education. Dietary elements that were studied included fat and fiber intake and ascorbic acid consumption. The density of the childhood home was consistently found to be significantly associated with the acquisition of H. pylori infection (p = 0.04). Among monozygotic twins reared apart and discordant for H. pylori status, affected twins were raised in homes under poorer socioeconomic conditions than those of their unaffected co-twins (p = 0.02). Additionally, infected twins consumed more ascorbic acid than their unaffected co-twins (p = 0.04). The finding of an effect of socioeconomic status during childhood on the acquisition of H. pylori among monozygotic twins who were reared apart and had an identical genetic makeup but not a common environment confirms the hypothesis that childhood acquisition of H. pylori infection is linked to hygiene practices. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 148:793–7.
child nutrition; environment; Helicobacer pyton; socioeconomic factors; twins
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