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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 147, No. 10: 914-920
Copyright © 1998 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

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Prevalence of Renal Stones in a Population-based Study with Dietary Calcium, Oxalate, and Medication Exposures

MaryFran R. Sowers1, Mary Jannausch1, Craig Wood1, Sandra K. Pope2, Laurie L. Lachance1 and Brenda Peterson1

1 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ml
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR

Little is known about the epidemiology of renal stones, in spite of the relative frequency of this painful condition. This population-based study examined reported renal stone diagnosis in 1, 309 women aged 20–92 years to determine whether renal stones are associated with 1) food or water exposures or 2) lower bone mineral density and an increased likelihood of fractures. Results indicated a renal stone prevalence of 3.4%. The average age at diagnosis was 42 years. Renal stone formation was not associated with community of residence, hypertension, bone mineral density, fractures, high-oxalate food consumption, or ascorbic acid from food supplements. Women with renal stones consumed almost 250 mg/day less dietary calcium (p < 0.01) than did women without stones and had a lower energy intake (p < 0.04). The authors‘ findings do not support the hypothesis that increased dietary calcium is associated with a greater prevalence of renal stones, nor do they identify renal stones as a risk factor for low bone mineral density. Furthermore, lack of other Identifiable environmental correlates and the relatively young age at initial diagnosis suggest that genetic components of renal stone formation need further study. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147: 914–20.

ascorbic acid; bone density; calcium; dietary; energy intake; fractures; hypertension; oxalates; water supply


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