American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 146, No. 1: 48-63
Copyright © 1997 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
Neighborhood Environments and Coronary Heart Disease: A Multilevel Analysis
1Division of General Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University School of Public Health New York, NY
2Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD
3Institute of Occupational and Environmental Heafth and Prevention Research Center, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV
4Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC
5Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN
6Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD
7Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
Reprint requests to Dr. Ana V. Diez-Roux. Division of General Medicine, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH 9 East 105, New York, NY 10032
The authors investigated whether neighborhood socioeconomic charactenstics are associated with coronary heart disease prevalence and risk factors, whether these associations persist after adjustment for individual-level social class indicators, and whether the effects of individual-level indicators vary across neighborhoods. The study sample consisted of 12,601 persons in four US communities (Washington County, Maryland; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Jackson, Mississippi) participating in the baseline examination of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (1987–1989). Neighborhood characteristics were obtained from 1990 US Census block-group measures. Multilevel models were used to estimate associations with neighborhood variables after adjustment for individual-level indicators of social class. Living in deprived neighborhoods was associated with increased prevalence of coronary heart disease and increased levels of risk factors, with associations generally persisting after adjustment for individual-level variables. Inconsistent associations were documented for serum cholesterol and disease prevalence in African-American men. For Jackson African-American men living in poor neighborhoods, coronary heart disease prevalence decreased as neighborhood characteristics worsened. Additionally, in African-American men from Jackson, low social class was associated with Increased serum cholesterol in "richer" neighborhoods but decreased serum cholesterol in "poorer" neighborhoods. Neighborhood environments may be one of the pathways through which social structure shapes coronary heart disease risk. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146: 48–63.
atherosclerosis; cardiovascular diseases; coronary disease; ethnic groups; social class; social conditions; socioeconomic factors
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