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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 143, No. 1: 25-37
Copyright © 1996 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

other

Case-Control Study of Oral Contraceptive Use and Risk of Breast Cancer

Lynn Rosenberg1,, Julie R. Palmer1, R. Sowmya Rao1, Ann G. Zauber2, Brian L. Strom3, M. Ellen Warshauer4, Susan Harlap2 and Samuel Shapiro1

1Slone Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health, Boston University School of Medicine Brookline, MA
2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY
3Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA
4Department of Public Health, Cornell Medical Center, New York Hospital New York, NY

Reprint requests to Dr. Lynn Rosenberg, Slone Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health, Boston University School of Medicine, 1371 Beacon Street, Brookline, MA 02146

The relation of oral contraceptive use to the risk of breast cancer in white women aged 25–59 years was assessed with data collected during 1977–1992 in a case-control surveillance system in hospitals in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. A total of 3,540 cases with breast cancer were compared with 4,488 controls with nonmalignant nongynecologic conditions unrelated to oral contraceptive use. Relative risk estimates were obtained by unconditional logistic regression with control for major risk factors. For at least 1 year of use relative to less than 1 year, the multivariate relative risk estimate was 1.7 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.3–2.3) in women aged 25–34 years, 0.9 (95% Cl 0.7–1.0) in women aged 35–44 years, and 1.2 (95% Cl 1.0–1.4) in women aged 45–59 years (,p < 0.01 for the difference across age). Among women aged 25–34 years, the relative risk estimates were greatest for use of long duration, but the trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.17); in addition, the duration of use was correlated with the recency of use, and it was not possible to distinguish their effects. Among women aged 35–44 years, the relative risk estimate decreased with increasing duration of use (p = 0.01). Among women aged 45–59 years, some relative risk estimates were increased, but there was no consistent pattern. The results add to the evidence of an association between oral contraceptive use and an increased risk of breast cancer at young ages. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:25–37

breast neoplasms; contraceptives, oral; women


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