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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 142, No. 8: 820-827
Copyright © 1995 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

The Frequency of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease by Age, Ethnic Group, and Sex in Northern Manhattan, 1988–1993

Richard Mayeux1,2,3,4,, Karen Marder1,3, Lucien J. Cote1, Jean Denaro1, Nancy Hemenegildo1, Helen Mejia1, Ming-Xin Tang1,3, Rafael Lantigua5,6, David Wilder6, Barry Gurland2,6 and Allen Hauser1,3

1Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, NY.
2Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, NY.
3Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, NY.
4Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Columbia University New York, NY.
5Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, NY.
6Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, NY.

Reprint requests to Dr. Richard Mayeux, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032.

Sex and ethnic differences in the frequency of Parkinson's disease have become increasingly important, because putative genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified. The authors estimated the prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease in a culturally diverse community in New York City over a 4-year period (January 1, 1988–December 31, 1991) using a disease registry substantiated, for older individuals, by a subsequent survey of a random sample of Medicare recipients between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 1993. The prevalence rate was 107 per 100,000 persons, and over a 3-year period the average incidence rate was 13 per 100,000 person-years. Age-adjusted prevalence rates were lower for women than for men in each ethnic group and were lower for blacks than for whites and Hispanics. Incidence rates were highest among black men, but they were otherwise comparable across the sex and ethnic groups. The estimated cumulative incidence of Parkinson's disease up to age 90 years was lower for women than for men, which could partially explain the lower prevalence rate. By ethnic group, the cumulative incidence was higher for blacks than for whites and Hispanics, but more deaths occurred among incident black cases. Discrepant prevalence and incidence rates of Parkinson's disease among blacks and women warrant further investigation. While selective mortality could partially account for this paradox, it is also possible that a delay in diagnosis due to limited access to appropriate health services among these individuals could have resulted in the observed discordant rates of disease.

aging; ethnic groups; incidence; prevalence; Parkinson disease; sex


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