American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 140, No. 8: 734-746
Copyright © 1994 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Long-term Follow-up of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Infants of Carrier Mothers
1Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
2Canadian Red Cross Society Blood Services Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Reprint requests to Stephen A. Marion, Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, Mather Building, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
A program of immunization against hepatitis B, consisting of one dose of hepatitis B immune globulin within 12 hours of birth and three doses of hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1, and 6 months of age for all infants of carrier mothers, has been operating in British Columbia, Canada, since 1984. The authors report on a survey conducted in 1992 of children immunized between 1984 and 1989. The survey included blood tests obtained from the children and interviews of the mothers. A total of 770 of 1,135 eligible children participated. Thirty-one percent of the mothers had been positive for hepatitis B e antigen prior to the birth of the child. At follow-up, the overall antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen seropositivity rate for children was 87.9 percent. A total of 5.1 percent of children had evidence of previous hepatitis B infection, and 2.3 percent were hepatitis B surface antigen positive. In multiple logistic regression analysis, a delay in the initial dose of vaccine was associated with increased risk of infection, but the age of the child was not, even though antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen declined with age. The authors conclude that most infections occurred early and resulted from prenatal infection, initial nonresponse, or a delay in the initial dose of vaccine, not from waning immunity. A booster dose of vaccine, at least up to age 8 years, is not necessary.Am J Epidemiol 1994; 140:734–46.
communicable disease control; hepatitis B surface antigens; hepatitis B virus; immunization; immunization schedule; infant; vaccination; viral vaccines
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