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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 140, No. 4: 303-309
Copyright © 1994 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

article-commentary

Attributable Risk: Advantages of a Broad Definition of Exposure

Sholom Wacholder, Jacques Benichou, Ellen F. Heineman, Patricia Hartge and Robert N. Hoover

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer institute Rockville, MD

Classification of exposure into two levels—one consisting exclusively of unexposed individuals and the other consisting of exposed and perhaps unexposed ones—yields an unbiased estimate of attributable risk when misclassification is nondifferential. The authors advocate, therefore, the use of a broad definition of exposure when estimating attributable risk. Based on this idea, they justify a simple and robust method for estimating the overall attributable risk from several exposures that is based on a division of subjects into two groups, a baseline consisting of those unexposed to all exposures and everyone else.

bias (epidemiology); biometry; case-control studies; epidemiologic methods; occupational exposure; odds ratio; sensitivity and specificity; statistics


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