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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 139, No. 7: 728-733
Copyright © 1994 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

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Prevalence of Antibodies to Norwalk Virus among Amerindlans In Isolated Amazonian Communities

Yvone B. Gabbay1,, Roger I. Glass2, Stephan S. Monroe2, Cesar Carcamo2, Mary K. Estes3, Joana D'arc P. Mascarenhas1 and Alexandre C. Linhares1

1lnstituto Evandro Chagas Fundacçh¯o Nacional do Saúde Belém Pará Brazil
2Viral Gastroenteritis Section Centers for Disease Control arid Prevention Public Health Service US Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta GA
3Division of Molecular Virology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX

Reprint requests to Dr. Y. Gabbay, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Fundacçh¯o Nacional de Saúde, Av. Alrnirante Barroso 492, Belém, Pará, Brazil

The seroepidemiology of Norwalk virus infections was examined among Amerindians belonging to eight relatively isolated communities in the Amazon region by means of a new enzyme immunoassay using recombinant Norwalk virus antigen. The seropreva lence of antibodies to Norwalk virus ranged from 39% in the Maiogong to 100% in the Kubenkrankrein. The distribution of antibody levels varied greatly among groups; five of the eight communities had an antibody prevalence greater than 90% with many high values (>100 units), while three had both a low seroprevalence and a preponderance of low values (<100 units). While few children less than 5 years of age were sampled, no significant differences in antibody prevalence were noted among age groups, and the prevalence of antibody among children 5–10 years of age approached that of the older age groups. The low prevalence of titers of antibodies to Norwalk virus in several tribes living in these isolated Indian communities suggests that Norwalk virus may have been only recently introduced.

antibodies; Indians; South American; Norwalk agent


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