American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 139, No. 7: 662-669
Copyright © 1994 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Physical Activity and Risk of Breast Cancer in the Framingham Heart Study
1Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD
2Information Management Services Inc Silver Spring MD
3School of Medicine Boston University Boston MA
44 of Mathematics Boston University Boston MA
Reprint requests to Dr. Joanne Dorgan, Division of Cancer Prevention arid Control, National Cancer Institute, EPN, Room 211, 6130 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852
The authors analyzed data from the Framingham Heart Study to evaluate the association between physical activity and breast cancer risk. Physical activity was as certained by a physician-administered questionnaire from 2,321 women at the fourth biennial examination conducted in 1954–1956. Breast cancers were identified by self- report, surveillance of admissions to Framingham Union Hospital, and review of death records; all but one were histologically confirmed. During 28 years of follow-up, 117 breast cancer cases were diagnosed among the 2,307 women with data on physical activity and reproductive history (a potential confounder). Analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards models with age as the underlying time variable. Models were adjusted for age at physical actMty assessment, menopausal status, age at first preg nancy, parity, education, occupation, and alcohol ingestion. We observed a gradient of increasing risk of breast cancer with increasing physical activity (trend p = 0.06). The relative risk for women in the highest versus lowest activity quartile was 1.6 (95% confidence interval 0.9–3.0; p = 0.13). Although both moderate-to-heavy leisure and occupational activities were associated with an increased risk, the association was marginally significant only for leisure activity (p = 0.06). Our findings do not support a protective effect of physical activity during adulthood for breast cancer, but suggest an increased risk among more active women.
breast neoplasms; exercise; prospective studies
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