American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 139, No. 3: 263-271
Copyright © 1994 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Chili Pepper Consumption and Gastric Cancer in Mexico: A Case-Control Study
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT
2National Institute of Public Health (Mexico) Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Reprint requests to Dr. Lizbeth López-Carnllo, National Institute of Public Health, Center for Public Health Research, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C P 62508, Mexico
Laboratory studies indicate that capsaicin, the hot-tasting component of chili peppers, may be carcinogenic. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Mexico City during 1989–1990 to evaluate the relation between chili pepper consumption and gastric cancer risk. The study included 220 incident cases and 752 controls randomly selected from the general population. Information was collected by interview. Chilipepper consumers were at high risk for gastric cancer compared with nonconsumers (age-and sex-adjusted odds ratio = 5.49, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 2.72–11.06). Among consumers, there was a highly significant trend of increasing risk with increasing self-rated level of consumption (low, medium, and high) (p = 2 × 10-7). The odds ratio for high-level consumers compared with nonconsumers was 17.11 (95% Cl 7.78–37.59). However, when consumption was measured as frequency per day, a significant trend among consumers was not observed. Multivariable adjustment increased the magnitude of the chili pepper-gastric cancer association, but a significant trend among consumers (measured as frequency per day) was still not observed. Chili pepper consumption may be a strong risk factor for gastric cancer, but further studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
capsaicin; capsicum; case-control studies; stomach neoplasms
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