American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 139, No. 12: 1180-1189
Copyright © 1994 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and Coronary Mortality in a Longitudinal Population Study
1Social Insurance Institution Helsinki, Finland
2Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio Kuopio, Finland
Reprint requests to Dr. Paul Knekt, Social Insurance Institution, P.O. Box 78, SF-00381 Helsinki, Finland
Oxidation of lipoproteins is hypothesized to promote atherosclerosis and, thus, a high intake of antioxidant nutrients may protect against coronary heart disease. The relation between the intakes of dietary carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E and the subsequent coronary mortality was studied in a cohort of 5,133 Finnish men and women aged 30–69 years and initially free from heart disease. Food consumption was estimated by the dietary history method covering the total habitual diet during the previous year. Altogether, 244 new fatal coronary heart disease cases occurred during a mean follow-up of 14 years beginning in 1966–1972. An inverse association was observed between dietary vitamin E intake and coronary mortality in both men and women with relative risks of 0.68 (p for trend = 0.01) and 0.35 (p for trend < 0.01), respectively, between the highest and lowest tertiles of the intake. Similar associations were observed for the dietary intake of vitamin C and carotenoids among women and for the intake of important food sources of these micronutrients, i.e., of vegetables and fruits, among both men and women. The associations were not attributable to confounding by major nondietary risk factors of coronary heart disease, i.e., age, smoking, serum cholesterol, hypertension, or relative weight. The results support the hypothesis that antioxidant vitamins protect against coronary heart disease, but it cannot be excluded that foods rich in these micronutrients also contain other constituents that provide the protection.
antioxidants; ascorbic acid; carotenoids; coronary disease; mortality; risk factors; vitamin E
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J. S. Munday, K. G. Thompson, K. A. C. James, and B. W. Manktelow Dietary Antioxidants Do Not Reduce Fatty Streak Formation in the C57BL/6 Mouse Atherosclerosis Model Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1998; 18(1): 114 - 119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. M. Pincus, L. Kilander, M. Ohrvall, M. Sano, R. G. Thomas, and L. J. Thal Alpha-Tocopherol and Alzheimer's Disease N. Engl. J. Med., August 21, 1997; 337(8): 572 - 573. [Full Text]
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H. Yoshida, T. Ishikawa, and H. Nakamura Vitamin E/Lipid Peroxide Ratio and Susceptibility of LDL to Oxidative Modification in Non–Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 1997; 17(7): 1438 - 1446. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Pietinen, E. B. Rimm, P. Korhonen, A. M. Hartman, W. C. Willett, D. Albanes, and J. Virtamo Intake of Dietary Fiber and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in a Cohort of Finnish Men: The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Circulation, December 1, 1996; 94(11): 2720 - 2727. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. H. Kushi, A. R. Folsom, R. J. Prineas, P. J. Mink, Y. Wu, and R. M. Bostick Dietary Antioxidant Vitamins and Death from Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women N. Engl. J. Med., May 2, 1996; 334(18): 1156 - 1162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Rapola, J. Virtamo, J. K. Haukka, O. P. Heinonen, D. Albanes, P. R. Taylor, and J. K. Huttunen Effect of Vitamin E and Beta Carotene on the Incidence of Angina Pectoris: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Trial JAMA, March 6, 1996; 275(9): 693 - 698. [Abstract] [PDF]
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P. Knekt, R. Jarvinen, A. Reunanen, and J. Maatela Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: a cohort study BMJ, February 24, 1996; 312(7029): 478 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. B. Kritchevsky, T. Shimakawa, G. S. Tell, B. Dennis, M. Carpenter, J. H. Eckfeldt, H. Peacher-Ryan, and G. Heiss Dietary Antioxidants and Carotid Artery Wall Thickness : The ARIC Study Circulation, October 15, 1995; 92(8): 2142 - 2150. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. R Gale, C. N Martyn, P. D Winter, and C. Cooper Vitamin C and risk of death from stroke and coronary heart disease in cohort of elderly people BMJ, June 17, 1995; 310(6994): 1563 - 1566. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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