American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 139, No. 12: 1164-1179
Copyright © 1994 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
Prevalence of Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease and Association with Risk Factors in the Cardiovascular Health Study
1University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology Pittsburgh, PA
2Cardiovascular Health Study Coordinating Center Seattle, WA
3Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences Winston-Salem, NC
4University of California-Irvine Medical Center Orange, CA
5National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bethesda, MD
6Geisinger Medical Center Danville, PA
7University of California-Davis, Cardiovascular Health Study Field Center Sacramento, CA
Reprint requests to Dr. Lewis H. Kuller, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Hearth, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
The prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease was evaluated among the 5,201 adults aged 
65 years in four communities participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study from June 1989 through May 1990. A combined index based on electrocardiogram and echocardiogram abnormalities, carotid artery wall thickness and stenosis based on carotid ultrasound, decreased ankle-brachial blood pressure, and positive response to a Rose Questionnaire for angina or intermittent claudication defined subclinical disease. The prevalence of subclinical disease was 36% in women and 38.7% in men and increased with age. Among women, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, and cigarette smoking were positively associated, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol negatively associated, with subclinical disease. In men, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, and ciga-rette smoking were independent risk factors in multiple logistic regression analyses. The risk factors for subclinical disease are, therefore, similar to those for clinical disease at younger ages, especially among women. It is possible that older individuals with subclinical disease are at very high risk of developing clinical disease and that more aggressive interventions to prevent clinical disease should be oriented to individuals with subclinical disease.
aging; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular diseases; carotid artery diseases; coronary disease; risk factors
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  N. S. Jenny, A. M. Arnold, L. H. Kuller, R. P. Tracy, and B. M. Psaty Associations of Pentraxin 3 With Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Death: The Cardiovascular Health Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2009; 29(4): 594 - 599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. S Vasan Commentary: C-reactive protein and risk prediction--moving beyond associations to assessing predictive utility and clinical usefulness Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2009; 38(1): 231 - 234. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Freiberg, A. M. Arnold, A. B. Newman, M. S. Edwards, K. L. Kraemer, and L. H. Kuller Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, Increasing Infrarenal Aortic Diameter, and Risk of Total Mortality and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events: 10-Year Follow-Up Data From the Cardiovascular Health Study Circulation, February 26, 2008; 117(8): 1010 - 1017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Ingelsson, L. M. Sullivan, C. S. Fox, J. M. Murabito, E. J. Benjamin, J. F. Polak, J. B. Meigs, M. J. Keyes, C. J. O'Donnell, T. J. Wang, et al. Burden and Prognostic Importance of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Overweight and Obese Individuals Circulation, July 24, 2007; 116(4): 375 - 384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Ingelsson, L. M. Sullivan, J. M. Murabito, C. S. Fox, E. J. Benjamin, J. F. Polak, J. B. Meigs, M. J. Keyes, C. J. O'Donnell, T. J. Wang, et al. Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With the Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Diabetes, June 1, 2007; 56(6): 1718 - 1726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. C. Kaplan, A. P. McGinn, M. N. Pollak, L. H. Kuller, H. D. Strickler, T. E. Rohan, A. R. Cappola, X. Xue, and B. M. Psaty Association of Total Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and IGFBP-3 Levels with Incident Coronary Events and Ischemic Stroke J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2007; 92(4): 1319 - 1325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. M. Johnson, P. S. Douglas, S. R. Srinivasan, M. G. Bond, R. Tang, S. Li, W. Chen, G. S. Berenson, and J. H. Stein Predictors of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression in Young Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study Stroke, March 1, 2007; 38(3): 900 - 905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A. Lange, C. S. Carlson, L. A. Hindorff, E. M. Lange, J. Walston, J. P. Durda, M. Cushman, J. C. Bis, D. Zeng, D. Lin, et al. Association of Polymorphisms in the CRP Gene With Circulating C-Reactive Protein Levels and Cardiovascular Events JAMA, December 13, 2006; 296(22): 2703 - 2711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. A. Volcik, R. A. Barkley, R. G. Hutchinson, T. H. Mosley, G. Heiss, A. R. Sharrett, C. M. Ballantyne, and E. Boerwinkle Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms Predict Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Carotid Artery Wall Thickness but Not Incident Coronary Heart Disease in 12,491 ARIC Study Participants Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2006; 164(4): 342 - 348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. J. Shaw, P. Raggi, T. Q. Callister, and D. S. Berman Prognostic value of coronary artery calcium screening in asymptomatic smokers and non-smokers Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2006; 27(8): 968 - 975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Y. Jae, B. Fernhall, K. S. Heffernan, M. Kang, M.-K. Lee, Y.-H. Choi, and W. H. Park Chronotropic response to exercise testing is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged men Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2006; 27(8): 954 - 959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. H. Kuller, A. M. Arnold, B. M. Psaty, J. A. Robbins, D. H. O'Leary, R. P. Tracy, G. L. Burke, T. A. Manolio, and P. H. M. Chaves 10-Year Follow-up of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study Arch Intern Med, January 9, 2006; 166(1): 71 - 78. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. E Millen, P. A Quatromoni, B.-H. Nam, M. J Pencina, J. F Polak, R. W Kimokoti, J. M Ordovas, and R. B D'Agostino Compliance with expert population-based dietary guidelines and lower odds of carotid atherosclerosis in women: the Framingham Nutrition Studies Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2005; 82(1): 174 - 180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Gungor, T. Thompson, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, J. Janosky, and S. Arslanian Early Signs of Cardiovascular Disease in Youth With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, May 1, 2005; 28(5): 1219 - 1221. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Fried, C. Solomon, M. Shlipak, S. Seliger, C. Stehman-Breen, A. J. Bleyer, P. Chaves, C. Furberg, L. Kuller, and A. Newman Inflammatory and Prothrombotic Markers and the Progression of Renal Disease in Elderly Individuals J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2004; 15(12): 3184 - 3191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Anazawa, P. C. Dimayuga, H. Li, S. Tani, J. Bradfield, K.-Y. Chyu, S. Kaul, P. K. Shah, and B. Cercek Effect of Exposure to Cigarette Smoke on Carotid Artery Intimal Thickening: The Role of Inducible NO Synthase Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2004; 24(9): 1652 - 1658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. B. J. Mancini, B. Dahlof, and J. Diez Surrogate Markers for Cardiovascular Disease: Structural Markers Circulation, June 29, 2004; 109(25_suppl_1): IV-22 - IV-30. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. J. Nieto, D. M. Herrington, S. Redline, E. J. Benjamin, and J. A. Robbins Sleep Apnea and Markers of Vascular Endothelial Function in a Large Community Sample of Older Adults Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2004; 169(3): 354 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. V. Buitron-Granados, C. Martinez-Lopez, and J. Escobedo-de la Pena Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Related Risk Factors in an Urban Mexican Population Angiology, January 1, 2004; 55(1): 43 - 51. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. M Psaty In response: Evid. Based Med., November 1, 2003; 8(6): 168 - 168. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Hansa, K. Bhargava, M. Bansal, S. Tandon, and R. R Kasliwal Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Coronary Artery Disease: an Indian Perspective Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, September 1, 2003; 11(3): 217 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Oren, L. E. Vos, C. S. P. M. Uiterwaal, D. E. Grobbee, and M. L. Bots Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Young Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Young Adults (ARYA) Study Arch Intern Med, August 11, 2003; 163(15): 1787 - 1792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Oxenham and N. Sharpe Cardiovascular aging and heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, August 1, 2003; 5(4): 427 - 434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Cao, C. Thach, T. A. Manolio, B. M. Psaty, L. H. Kuller, P. H.M. Chaves, J. F. Polak, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, D. M. Herrington, T. R. Price, et al. C-Reactive Protein, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, and Incidence of Ischemic Stroke in the Elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study Circulation, July 15, 2003; 108(2): 166 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. C. Pasternak, J. Abrams, P. Greenland, L. A. Smaha, P. W. F. Wilson, and N. Houston-Miller Task force #1--identification of coronary heart disease risk: is there a detection gap? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 4, 2003; 41(11): 1863 - 1874. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. F. Fried, M. G. Shlipak, C. Crump, A. J. Bleyer, J. S. Gottdiener, R. A. Kronmal, L. H. Kuller, and A. B. Newman Renal insufficiency as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in elderly individuals J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 16, 2003; 41(8): 1364 - 1372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Fox, R. S. Vasan, H. Parise, D. Levy, C. J. O'Donnell, R. B. D'Agostino, and E. J. Benjamin Mitral Annular Calcification Predicts Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality: The Framingham Heart Study Circulation, March 25, 2003; 107(11): 1492 - 1496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Fox, J. F. Polak, I. Chazaro, A. Cupples, P. A. Wolf, R. A. D'Agostino, and C. J. O'Donnell Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Atherosclerosis Phenotypes in Men and Women: Heritability of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the Framingham Heart Study Stroke, February 1, 2003; 34(2): 397 - 401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Taylor, S. M. Kent, P. J. Flaherty, L. C. Coyle, T. T. Markwood, and M. N. Vernalis ARBITER: Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol: A Randomized Trial Comparing the Effects of Atorvastatin and Pravastatin on Carotid Intima Medial Thickness Circulation, October 15, 2002; 106(16): 2055 - 2060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. B. Newman, B. L. Naydeck, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, D. Edmundowicz, D. O'Leary, R. Kronmal, G. L. Burke, and L. H. Kuller Relationship Between Coronary Artery Calcification and Other Measures of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2002; 22(10): 1674 - 1679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T Y Wong, L D Hubbard, R Klein, E K Marino, R Kronmal, A R Sharrett, D S Siscovick, G Burke, and J M Tielsch Retinal microvascular abnormalities and blood pressure in older people: the Cardiovascular Health Study Br J Ophthalmol, September 1, 2002; 86(9): 1007 - 1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Meigs, M. G. Larson, R. B. D'Agostino, D. Levy, M. E. Clouse, D. M. Nathan, P. W. F. Wilson, and C. J. O'Donnell Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance: The Framingham Offspring Study Diabetes Care, August 1, 2002; 25(8): 1313 - 1319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Kuller, A. Arnold, R. Tracy, J. Otvos, G. Burke, B. Psaty, D. Siscovick, D. S. Freedman, and R. Kronmal Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Lipoproteins and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2002; 22(7): 1175 - 1180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. L. Smith, J. I. Barzilay, D. Shaffer, P. J. Savage, S. R. Heckbert, L. H. Kuller, R. A. Kronmal, H. E. Resnick, and B. M. Psaty Fasting and 2-Hour Postchallenge Serum Glucose Measures and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Events in the Elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study Arch Intern Med, January 28, 2002; 162(2): 209 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. E. Chambless, A. R. Folsom, V. Davis, R. Sharrett, G. Heiss, P. Sorlie, M. Szklo, G. Howard, and G. W. Evans Risk Factors for Progression of Common Carotid Atherosclerosis: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1987-1998 Am. J. Epidemiol., January 1, 2002; 155(1): 38 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Klein, E. K Marino, L. H Kuller, J. F Polak, R. P Tracy, J. S Gottdiener, G. L Burke, L. D Hubbard, and R. Boineau The relation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease to retinopathy in people with diabetes in the Cardiovascular Health Study Br J Ophthalmol, January 1, 2002; 86(1): 84 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. I. Barzilay, C. F. Spiekerman, L. H. Kuller, G. L. Burke, V. Bittner, J. S. Gottdiener, F. L. Brancati, T. J. Orchard, D. H. O'Leary, and P. J. Savage Prevalence of Clinical and Isolated Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults With Glucose Disorders: The Cardiovascular Health Study Diabetes Care, July 1, 2001; 24(7): 1233 - 1239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. B. Newman, J. S. Gottdiener, M. A. McBurnie, C. H. Hirsch, W. J. Kop, R. Tracy, J. D. Walston, and L. P. Fried Associations of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease With Frailty J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., March 1, 2001; 56(3): 158M - 166. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. Kuller, P. Velentgas, J. Barzilay, N. J. Beauchamp, D. H. O’Leary, and P. J. Savage Diabetes Mellitus : Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2000; 20(3): 823 - 829. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Grundy, J. I. Cleeman, B. M. Rifkind, L. H. Kuller, and for the Coordinating Committee of the National Cho Cholesterol Lowering in the Elderly Population Arch Intern Med, August 9, 1999; 159(15): 1670 - 1678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. E. Schoen, C. M. Tangen, L. H. Kuller, G. L. Burke, M. Cushman, R. P. Tracy, A. Dobs, and P. J. Savage Increased Blood Glucose and Insulin, Body Size, and Incident Colorectal Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, July 7, 1999; 91(13): 1147 - 1154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Tracy, A. M. Arnold, W. Ettinger, L. Fried, E. Meilahn, and P. Savage The Relationship of Fibrinogen and Factors VII and VIII to Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Death in the Elderly : Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 1999; 19(7): 1776 - 1783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. M. Psaty, C. D. Furberg, L. H. Kuller, D. E. Bild, P. M. Rautaharju, J. F. Polak, E. Bovill, and J. S. Gottdiener Traditional Risk Factors and Subclinical Disease Measures as Predictors of First Myocardial Infarction in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study Arch Intern Med, June 28, 1999; 159(12): 1339 - 1347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. M. McQuillan, J. P. Beilby, M. Nidorf, P. L. Thompson, and J. Hung Hyperhomocysteinemia but Not the C677T Mutation of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Is an Independent Risk Determinant of Carotid Wall Thickening : The Perth Carotid Ultrasound Disease Assessment Study (CUDAS) Circulation, May 11, 1999; 99(18): 2383 - 2388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Cushman, R. N. Lemaitre, L. H. Kuller, B. M. Psaty, E. M. Macy, A. R. Sharrett, and R. P. Tracy Fibrinolytic Activation Markers Predict Myocardial Infarction in the Elderly : The Cardiovascular Health Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 1999; 19(3): 493 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Zureik, P.-J. Touboul, C. Bonithon-Kopp, D. Courbon, I. Ruelland, and P. Ducimetiere Differential Association of Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques With Parental History of Premature Death From Coronary Heart Disease : The EVA Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1999; 19(2): 366 - 371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. H. O'Leary, J. F. Polak, R. A. Kronmal, T. A. Manolio, G. L. Burke, S. K. Wolfson, and The Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Rese Carotid-Artery Intima and Media Thickness as a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Older Adults N. Engl. J. Med., January 7, 1999; 340(1): 14 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. A. Jacobson, J. R. Schein, A. Williamson, and C. M. Ballantyne Maximizing the Cost-effectiveness of Lipid-Lowering Therapy Arch Intern Med, October 12, 1998; 158(18): 1977 - 1989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Kuller, L. Fisher, R. McClelland, L. Fried, M. Cushman, S. Jackson, and T. Manolio Differences in Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Subclinical Vascular Disease Among Black and White Participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1998; 18(2): 283 - 293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. Kuller, L. Shemanski, T. Manolio, M. Haan, L. Fried, N. Bryan, G. L. Burke, R. Tracy, and R. Bhadelia Relationship Between ApoE, MRI Findings, and Cognitive Function in the Cardiovascular Health Study Stroke, February 1, 1998; 29(2): 388 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Tracy, B. M. Psaty, E. Macy, E. G. Bovill, M. Cushman, E. S. Cornell, and L. H. Kuller Lifetime Smoking Exposure Affects the Association of C-Reactive Protein with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Subclinical Disease in Healthy Elderly Subjects Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 2167 - 2176. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Wilt, H. B. Rubins, S. J. Robins, W. A. Riley, D. Collins, M. Elam, G. Rutan, and J. W. Anderson Carotid Atherosclerosis in Men With Low Levels of HDL Cholesterol Stroke, October 1, 1997; 28(10): 1919 - 1925. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Grundy Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease: The 21st Century Arch Intern Med, June 9, 1997; 157(11): 1177 - 1184. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Tracy, R. N. Lemaitre, B. M. Psaty, D. G. Ives, R. W. Evans, M. Cushman, E. N. Meilahn, and L. H. Kuller Relationship of C-Reactive Protein to Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly: Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Rural Health Promotion Project Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 1997; 17(6): 1121 - 1127. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. C. Lassila, K. S. Tyrrell, K. A. Matthews, S. K. Wolfson, and L. H. Kuller Prevalence and Determinants of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Healthy Postmenopausal Women Stroke, March 1, 1997; 28(3): 513 - 517. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. G. Alcorn, S. K. Wolfson Jr, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, L. H. Kuller, D. O'Leary, and Risk Factors for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Older Adults Enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1996; 16(8): 963 - 970. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Belcaro, A. N. Nicolaides, G. Laurora, M. R. Cesarone, M. De Sanctis, L. Incandela, and A. Barsotti Ultrasound Morphology Classification of the Arterial Wall and Cardiovascular Events in a 6-Year Follow-up Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 1996; 16(7): 851 - 856. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Wilt, H. B. Rubins, D. Collins, T. Z. O'Connor, G. H. Rutan, S. J. Robins, and the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Inte Correlates and Consequences of Diffuse Atherosclerosis in Men With Coronary Heart Disease Arch Intern Med, June 10, 1996; 156(11): 1181 - 1188. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Adams, A. Nakagomi, A. Keech, J. Robinson, R. McCredie, B. P. Bailey, S. B. Freedman, and D. S. Celermajer Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Is Only Weakly Correlated With the Extent and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, October 15, 1995; 92(8): 2127 - 2134. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Tracy, E. G. Bovill, D. Yanez, B. M. Psaty, L. P. Fried, G. Heiss, M. Lee, J. F. Polak, and P. J. Savage Fibrinogen and Factor VIII, but Not Factor VII, Are Associated With Measures of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly : Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 1995; 15(9): 1269 - 1279. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L.H. Kuller, L. Shemanski, B.M. Psaty, N.O. Borhani, J. Gardin, M.N. Haan, D.H. O'Leary, P.J. Savage, G.S. Tell, and R. Tracy Subclinical Disease as an Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Circulation, August 15, 1995; 92(4): 720 - 726. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|