American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 137, No. 8: 916-927
Copyright © 1993 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
Dietary Patterns Associated with a Low-Fat Diet in the National Health Examination Follow-up Study: Identification of Potential Confounders for Epidemiologic Analyses
1Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD
2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA
4Applied Research Branch, Surveillance Program, Division of. Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD
5Biometry Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD
Reprint requests to Dr. Regina G. Ziegler, Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
To identify systematically the nutrient and food group intakes associated with a low-fat diet, the authors used the detailed dietary information collected from 10,306 individuals aged 32–86 years in the 1982–1984 National Health Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Intakes of vitamin C and percentages of calories from carbohydrates, dietary fiber, poultry, low-fat dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals, and whole grains were markedly higher, while intakes of protein, total fat, saturated fat, oleic and linoleic acids, cholesterol, sodium, all red meats, high-fat dairy products, eggs, nuts, white bread, fried potatoes, desserts, fats, and oils were much lower in the quartile with the lowest percentage of calories from fat. These dietary patterns associated with a low-fat diet were essentially constant across strata of age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. This study suggests that individuals on a low-fat diet substitute certain carbohydrate-rich foods such as fruits and vegetables for fat. Given these associations between low-fat diets and other dietary factors independently associated with certain cancers, these dietary factors should be considered potential confounders in studies of dietary fat and these cancers.
confounding factors (epidemiology); dietary fats; food habits
3Current address: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, 1420 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA.
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