Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Search for citing articles in:
ISI Web of Science (59)
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Disclaimer
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Solomon, L.
Right arrow Articles by Nelson, K. E.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Solomon, L.
Right arrow Articles by Nelson, K. E.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 137, No. 8: 892-898
Copyright © 1993 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

Differences in Risk Factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Seroconversion among Male and Female Intravenous Drug Users

Liza Solomon, Jacquie Astemborski, Dora Warren, Alvaro Muñoz, Sylvia Cohn, David Vlahov and Kenrad E. Nelson

From the Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health Baltimore, MD

Reprint requests to Dr. Liza Solomon, 624 North Broadway, Room 353, Baltimore, MD 21205.

To examine sex-specific risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 seroconversion among intravenous drug users, the authors conducted a nested case-control study in Baltimore, Maryland, from 1988 to 1992 comparing 146 seroconverters and 539 HIV seronegative controls. Controls were matched on sex, race, date of study entry, and duration of follow-up. Risk factor data were obtained from interviews conducted at the first seroconversion visit for the case and the closest visit for the corresponding seronegative control. Since test results were not available until several weeks after interview, both interviewers and participants were unaware of seroconversion status at the time of interview. When data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression techniques, the variables which were significantly associated with seroconversion among male intravenous drug users included age less than 35 years, a sexually transmitted disease within the past 6 months, lifetime history of syphilis, and current intravenous drug use with an abscess at the injection site. Among women, only a history of three or more sex partners was positively associated with seroconversion and having a biological child under age 18 years was inversely associated with HIV seroconversion. Although the small sample size may have limited the ability to ascertain differences in risks of seroconversion among males and females, these data suggest that sexual transmission contributes to HIV infection among intravenous drug users, especially women.

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; cohort studies; HIV; risk factors; substance abuse


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
K. E. Nelson, N. Galai, M. Safaeian, S. A. Strathdee, D. D. Celentano, and D. Vlahov
Temporal Trends in the Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Risk Behavior among Injection Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland, 1988-1998
Am. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2002; 156(7): 641 - 653.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Sex. Transm. Infect.Home page
M W Tyndall, D Patrick, P Spittal, K Li, M V O'Shaughnessy, and M T Schechter
Risky sexual behaviours among injection drugs users with high HIV prevalence: implications for STD control
Sex Transm Inf, April 1, 2002; 78(90001): i170 - 175.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
S. A. Strathdee, N. Galai, M. Safaiean, D. D. Celentano, D. Vlahov, L. Johnson, and K. E. Nelson
Sex Differences in Risk Factors for HIV Seroconversion Among Injection Drug Users: A 10-Year Perspective
Arch Intern Med, May 28, 2001; 161(10): 1281 - 1288.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
K. E. Nelson, D. Vlahov, L. Solomon, S. Cohn, and A. Munoz
Temporal Trends of Incident Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in a Cohort of Injecting Drug Users in Baltimore, Md
Arch Intern Med, June 26, 1995; 155(12): 1305 - 1311.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.