American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 137, No. 12: 1302-1317
Copyright © 1993 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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Relation of Calcium, Vitamin D, and Dairy Food Intake to Incidence of Colon Cancer among Older Women
The Iowa Women's Health Study
1Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN
2Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN
Reprint requests to Dr Roberd M. Bostick, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454
To investigate whether a high intake of calcium, vitamin D, or dairy products may protect against colon cancer, the authors analyzed data from a prospective cohort study of 35,216 Iowa women aged 55–69 years without a history of cancer who completed a dietary questionnaire in 1986. Through 1990, 212 incident cases of colon cancer were documented. Adjusted for age, intakes of calcium and vitamin D were significantly inversely associated with the risk of colon cancer. The relative risks for the highest quintile of intake as compared with the lowest were 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33–0.82) for calcium and 0.54 (95% CI 0.35–0.84) for vitamin D. After multivariate adjustment, the trends were no longer statistically significant and the relative risks for the highest versus the lowest quintiles of calcium and vitamin D intakes were attenuated: 0.68 (95% CI 0.41–1.11) for calcium and 0.73 (95% CI 0.45–1.18) for vitamin D. Although the multivariate-adjusted findings did not reach statistical significance at p 
0.05, when considered in the context of the whole body of literature on this subject, they are consistent with a possible role for calcium or vitamin D in modestly reducing colon cancer risk.
calcium, dietary; colonic neoplasms; dairy products; prospective studies; vitamin D
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