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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 135, No. 5: 531-540
Copyright © 1992 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

Behavioral Risk Factors and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Prevalence among Intravenous Drug Users in Puerto Rico

Rafaela R. Robles1,2,, Héctor M. Colón1, Hardeo Sahai2, Tomás Matos1, Carmen A. Marrero1 and Juan C. Reyes1

1Research Institute, Puerto Rico Department of Anti-Addiction Services Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
2Graduate School of Public Hearth, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico San Juan, Puerto Rico

Reprint requests to Dr. Rafaela R. Robtes, Research Institute, Puerto Rico Department of Anti-Addiction Services, P.O. Box 21414, Rio Piedras Station, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00928-1414

This study reports on four empirical models likely to contribute to understanding the behaviors linked with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among intravenous drug users. The sample comprises 1,637 intravenous drug users recruited between May 1989 and June 1990 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Adjusting for sociodemographics, four logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association of risk behaviors with HIV seropositivity. In model 1, the variables found to be significantly associated with HIV seropositivity were injecting four times a day, injection as the only route of consuming drugs, and years of injection. In model 2, the only risk behavior significantly associated with HIV seropositivity was injecting drugs in shooting galleries. In model 3, all sex risk variables failed to meet the adjusted level of significance. In model 4, pneumonia, hepatitis, and syphilis were significantly linked with HIV infection. In order to assess the individual effects of the significant variables in each one of the four models, a logistic regression analysis was performed simultaneously controlling for all of the variables. After adjustment for the Bonferroni correction, age group 25–34 years, injection as the only route of using drugs, number of years of injection, and syphilis were the only significant variables remaining.

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HIV; HIV seropositivity; Puerto Rico


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