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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 133, No. 12: 1273-1281
Copyright © 1991 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

Birth Weight and Cardiovascular Malformations: A Population-Based Study

The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study

Geoffrey L. Rosenthal1,, P. David Wilson1, Thomas Permutt1, Joann A. Boughman2 and Charencz Ferencz1

1Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
2Division of Human Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD

Reprint requests to Dr. Geoffrey L Rosenthal, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201.

Mean birth weights were evaluated in infants with D-transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, endocardial cushion defect, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, ventricular septal defect, and atrial septal defect in a population-based case-control study of congenital cardiovascular malformations in residents of Maryland, Washington, D.C., and northern Virginia (1981–1987). Study subjects were livebom singletons without extracardiac anomalies. After adjustment for potentially confounding maternal, gestational, and infant factors, significant birth weight deficits were found for infants with tetralogy of Fallot, endocardial cushion defect, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary stenosis, coarctatjon of the aorta, ventricular septal defect, and atrial septal defect. After adjustment, infants with these malformations (except coarctation of the aorta and atrial septal defect) were also significantly more likely than were controls to have low birth weight for gestational age. These findings strengthen previous evidence that certain cardiovascular malformations and low birth weight may be causally related.

birth weight; fetal growth retardation; heart defects; congenital


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