American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 132, No. 4: 708-716
Copyright © 1990 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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INFERTILITY AND BREAST CANCER: A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY
1Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University School of Public Health New York, NY
2Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine Portland, ME
Reprint requests to Dr. Marilie D. Gammon, Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University School of Public Health, 600 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032.
To investigate whether a history of infertility affects a woman's risk of developing breast cancer, the authors analyzed case-control data collected between 1980 and 1982 as part of the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. The 4,730 cases were women aged 20–54 years with a first diagnosis of breast cancer ascertained from eight population-based cancer registries; the 4,688 controls were women randomly selected from the general population of these same eight areas. After controlling for age, age at first birth, and parity, the odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer associated with infertility was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.89–1.15) among gravid women. Controlling for age, the odds ratio was 0.82 (95% Cl 0.59–1.14) among nulligravid women. Women who reported that the reason for their infertility was a problem with their ovaries had a risk similar to that for women without a history of infertility (OR= 0.75, 95% Cl 0.48–1.24). Women whose physicians reported that the reason for their infertility was ano-vulation or Stein-Leventhal syndrome also had risks similar to those for women without a history of infertility (OR= 1.26 (95% Cl 0.67–2.34) and OR= 1.13 (95% Cl 0.46–2.78), respectively). Menopausal status, age at menarche, history of spontaneous abortions, drinking or smoking behavior, use of exogenous hormones, or family history of breast cancer did not appreciably alter the observed odds ratios. If infertility has an effect on breast cancer that is independent of age at first birth, then the effect is small.
breast neoplasms; infertility; female
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