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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 129, No. 5: 894-904
Copyright © 1989 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN RELATION TO WATER CONTAMINATION, SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, 1980–1981

MARGARET DEANE1,, SHANNA H. SWAN1, JOHN A. HARRIS2, DAVID M. EPSTEIN1 and RAYMOND R. NEUTRA1

1Epidemiological Studies and Surveiliance Section, California Department of Health Services Berkeley, CA
2California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Department of Health Services Berkeley, CA

Reprint requests to Margaret Deane, Epidemiological Studies and Survelliance Section, Department of Health Services, 2151 Berkeley Way, Rm. 510, Berkeley, CA 94704

An epidemiologic study was conducted to investigate a suspected cluster of adverse outcomes of pregnancies conceived in 1980–1981 among women who resided in a census tract in Santa Clara County, California that was thought to be exposed to drinking water from a well contaminated by an organic solvent, trichloroethane. A comparison census tract that received water from a different source was selected on the basis of demographic comparability. The cluster was confirmed; the odds ratio for spontaneous abortion was 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–4.2) after adjustment by multiple logistic regression for maternal risk factors, including maternal age, alcohol consumption, smoking, and prior fetal loss. The relative risk for congenital malformations was 3.1 (95% CI 1.1–10.4). Because of the lack of precise information on the timing and extent of contamination, the pattern of spontaneous abortion rates throughout the study period cannot be used to either support or refute a causal inference.

abnormalities; abortion; hydrocarbons, chlorinated; pregnancy; teratogens; water pollution, chemical


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