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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 128, No. 2: 352-359
Copyright © 1988 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

SERUM COPPER AND ZINC AND THE RISK OF DEATH FROM CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

FRANS J. KOK1,, CORNELIA M. VAN DUIJN1,2, ALBERT HOFMAN1, GIJSBERT B. VAN DER VOET3, FRED A. DE WOLFF3, CLAY H. CH. PAAYS1 and HANS A. VALKENBURG1

1Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical School Rotterdam, The Netherlands
2Department of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University Wageningen, The Netherlands
3Department of Toxicology, Academic Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands

Reprint requests to Dr. Frans J. Kok at present address: Department of Human Nutrition, TNO-CIVO Toxicology and Nutrition Institute, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands

To investigate the association of serum copper and zinc with mortality from cancer and cardiovascular disease, the authors performed a case-control analysis of data obtained in a Dutch prospective follow-up study. Cancer (n = 64) and cardiovascular disease (n = 62) deaths and their matched controls were taken from a cohort of 10,532 persons examined in 1975–1978. Trace elements were measured in baseline serum samples, which had been stored during the six to nine years of follow-up. The adjusted risk of death from cancer and cardiovascular disease was about four times higher for subjects in the highest serum copper quintile (>1.43 mg/liter) compared with those with normal levels. The excess mortality observed in subjects with low copper status suggests a U-shaped relation. No significant change in the risk of death from cancer and cardiovascular disease was found for subjects with low or high baseline levels of serum zinc. However, a protective effect of a high zinc status on the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease is compatible with the data. For definitive conclusions, analysis of larger prospective data sets is recommended.

cardiovascular diseases; copper; longitudinal studies; neoplasms; zinc


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