American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 127, No. 5: 923-932
Copyright © 1988 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND LEVEL OF EDUCATION
THE TROMSØ HEART STUDY1
Reprint requests to Bjarne K. Jacobsen
The relation between level of education, lifestyle variables, and major risk factors for coronary heart disease were analyzed in 12,368 men and women in Tromsø, Norway. Subjects with the highest education tended to be less overweight, smoke less, be more physically active in leisure time, and have food habits assumed to be less atherogenic (i.e., drink less coffee, use soft margarine and low-fat milk, and eat fruits and vegetables daily) than persons with low education. In men and women, mean serum total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were negatively associated with educational level, while high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was positively associated with this variable in women only. The differences between the extreme groups of education (<8 and >16 years of education) were as follows: 0.52 mmol/liter (20 mg/100 ml) for serum total cholesterol; 0.03 and 0.14 mmol/liter (1 and 5 mg/100 ml) in men and women, respectively, for HDL cholesterol; and 1.9 and 5.6 mmHg in men and women, respectively, for systolic blood pressure. Adjustment of the relations between level of education and serum total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure for several variables (including food habits) reduced the strength of the associations, which, however, were still statistically significant. For HDL cholesterol, a negative association was found in men when adjustments were done, and the positive association originally observed in women disappeared.
blood pressure, cholesterol; education; food habits; lipoproteins, HDL cholesterol; physical fitness; smoking
1Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Box 417, N-9001 Tromsø, Norway
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