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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 126, No. 6: 1181-1186
Copyright © 1987 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

RISK FACTORS FOR SECONDARY TRANSMISSION IN HOUSEHOLDS AFTER A COMMON-SOURCE OUTBREAK OF NORWALK GASTROENTERITIS

ELIZABETH M. HEUN1,, RICHARD L. VOGT1, PAUL J. HUDSON1,2, STEVE PARREN1 and G WILLIAM GARY3

1Vermont Department of Health Burlington, VT
2Feild Services Division, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA
3Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA

Reprint requests to Elizabeth Heun, Vermont Department of Health, Box 70,60 Main Street, Burling ton, VT 05402

In November 1984, a foodbome outbreak of Norwalk gastroenteritls occurred in a K-12 public school in northern Vermont. The outbreak offered an opportunity to systematically study in detail secondary transmission rates in households. Eating salad at Tuesday's school-sponsored Thanksgiving Banquet was associ ated with Illness among students and staff members (p < 0.025). Seven of 11 serum pairs from Ill persons showed a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer to Norwalk virus compared with one of nine controls (p = 0.028). The study of secondary household transmission revealed that households with persons with primary illness were 5.5 times more likely to experience secondary Illness than households with well school children or adults. As the number of individuals with primary illness In the household increased, the secondary illness rates increased. Pro-school children were twice as likely as adults to develop secondary illness.

food poisoning; gastroenteritis; Norwalk agent; viruses


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