American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 118, No. 2: 213-227
Copyright © 1983 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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SENILE MACULAR DEGENERATION: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
1Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, L3-099, State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook, NY 11794
2Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health Baltimore, MD
3Office of Biometry and Epidemiology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethes-da, MD
4The Wilmer Institute, The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, MD
Reprint requests to Dr. Hyman.
Hyman, L. G. (School of Medicine, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794), A.M. Lilienfetd, F. L. Ferris III and S. L. Fine. Senile macular degeneration: a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1983; 118: 213–27.
Senile macular degeneration, although a leading cause of visual loss in the United States, remains a poorly understood disease. To assess the effects of host and environmental factors on this condition, a study of 228 cases and 237 controls matched by age and sex, who had visited any of 34 Baltimore ophthalmologists between September 1, 1978 and March 31, 1980, was conducted. Study participants were interviewed for past medical, residential, occupational, smoking and family histories, as well as social and demographic factors. Diagnoses were validated by means of fundus photographs. The 162 cases and 175 controls who met the study diagnostic criteria for cases and controls were included in the analysis. Statistically significant associations were demonstrated between senile macular degeneration and family history of macular disease (odds ratio (OR) = 2.9), chemical work exposures (OR = 4.2), blue or medium pigmented eyes (OR = 3.5), history of one or more cardiovascular diseases (OR = 1.7), decreased hand grip strength, and hyperopia. The risk of macular degeneration in cigarette smokers was significant for males only (OR = 2.6). The study results suggest that the development of macular degeneration is mainly influenced by familial, genetic, and personal characteristics, rather than by the few environmental factors studied. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate the role of environmental factors.
aged; macular degeneration; risk
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D. Husain, J. W. Miller, N. Michaud, E. Connolly, T. J. Flotte, and E. S. Gragoudas Intravenous Infusion of Liposomal Benzoporphyrin Derivative for Photodynamic Therapy of Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization Arch Ophthalmol, August 1, 1996; 114(8): 978 - 985. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. H. Rosa Jr, M. A. Thomas, and W. R. Green Clinicopathologic Correlation of Submacular Membranectomy With Retention of Good Vision in a Patient With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Arch Ophthalmol, April 1, 1996; 114(4): 480 - 487. [Abstract] [PDF]
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E. Heon, B. Piguet, F. Munier, S. R. Sneed, C. M. Morgan, S. Forni, G. Pescia, D. Schorderet, C. M. Taylor, L. M. Streb, et al. Linkage of Autosomal Dominant Radial Drusen (Malattia Leventinese) to Chromosome 2p16-21 Arch Ophthalmol, February 1, 1996; 114(2): 193 - 198. [Abstract] [PDF]
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P. F. Lopez, Q. Yan, L. Kohen, N. A. Rao, C. Spee, J. Black, and A. Oganesian Retinal Pigment Epithelial Wound Healing In Vivo Arch Ophthalmol, November 1, 1995; 113(11): 1437 - 1446. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. A. Mares-Perlman, W. E. Brady, R. Klein, G. M. VandenLangenberg, B. E. K. Klein, and M. Palta Dietary Fat and Age-Related Maculopathy Arch Ophthalmol, June 1, 1995; 113(6): 743 - 748. [Abstract] [PDF]
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G. A. Fishman, R. J. Anderson, B. L. Lam, and D. J. Derlacki Prevalence of Foveal Lesions in Type 1 and Type 2 Usher's Syndrome Arch Ophthalmol, June 1, 1995; 113(6): 770 - 773. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. W. Miller, A. W. Walsh, M. Kramer, T. Hasan, N. Michaud, T. J. Flotte, R. Haimovici, and E. S. Gragoudas Photodynamic Therapy of Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization Using Lipoprotein-Delivered Benzoporphyrin Arch Ophthalmol, June 1, 1995; 113(6): 810 - 818. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. J. Pieramici, N. M. Bressler, S. B. Bressler, and A. P. Schachat Choroidal Neovascularization in Black Patients Arch Ophthalmol, August 1, 1994; 112(8): 1043 - 1046. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. L. Klein, W. M. Mauldin, and V. D. Stoumbos Heredity and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Observations in Monozygotic Twins Arch Ophthalmol, July 1, 1994; 112(7): 932 - 937. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. Zhang, P. P. Bither, R. Park, L. A. Donoso, J. G. Seidman, and C. E. Seidman A Dominant Stargardt's Macular Dystrophy Locus Maps to Chromosome 13q34 Arch Ophthalmol, June 1, 1994; 112(6): 759 - 764. [Abstract] [PDF]
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E. M. Stone, B. E. Nichols, A. E. Kimura, T. A. Weingeist, A. Drack, and V. C. Sheffield Clinical Features of a Stargardt-Like Dominant Progressive Macular Dystrophy With Genetic Linkage to Chromosome 6q Arch Ophthalmol, June 1, 1994; 112(6): 765 - 772. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. Klein, B. E. K. Klein, Q. Wang, and S. E. Moss Is Age-Related Maculopathy Associated With Cataracts? Arch Ophthalmol, February 1, 1994; 112(2): 191 - 196. [Abstract] [PDF]
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Macular Photocoagulation Study Group Five-Year Follow-up of Fellow Eyes of Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Unilateral Extrafoveal Choroidal Neovascularization Arch Ophthalmol, September 1, 1993; 111(9): 1189 - 1199. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. J. Cruickshanks, R. Klein, and B. E. K. Klein Sunlight and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Beaver Dam Eye Study Arch Ophthalmol, April 1, 1993; 111(4): 514 - 518. [Abstract] [PDF]
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Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group Antioxidant Status and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Arch Ophthalmol, January 1, 1993; 111(1): 104 - 109. [Abstract] [PDF]
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The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group Risk Factors for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Arch Ophthalmol, December 1, 1992; 110(12): 1701 - 1708. [Abstract] [PDF]
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L. S. Morse, J. Terrell, and Y. Sidikaro Bovine Retinal Pigment Epithelium Promotes Proliferation of Choroidal Endothelium In Vitro Arch Ophthalmol, November 1, 1989; 107(11): 1659 - 1663. [Abstract] [PDF]
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B. S. Hawkins Selection of Controls for Clinical Research Studies in Ophthalmology Arch Ophthalmol, June 1, 1988; 106(6): 835 - 840. [Abstract] [PDF]
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S. M. Meyers and A. A. Zachary Monozygotic Twins With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Arch Ophthalmol, May 1, 1988; 106(5): 651 - 653. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. A. Newsome, M. Swartz, N. C. Leone, R. C. Elston, and E. Miller Oral Zinc in Macular Degeneration Arch Ophthalmol, February 1, 1988; 106(2): 192 - 198. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. Seigel Designs for Clinical Research Arch Ophthalmol, December 1, 1987; 105(12): 1647 - 1649. [Abstract] [PDF]
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Recurrent Choroidal Neovascularization After Argon Laser Photocoagulation for Neovascular Maculopathy: Macular Photocoagulation Study Group Arch Ophthalmol, April 1, 1986; 104(4): 503 - 512. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. D. Sperduto and R. Hiller Systemic Hypertension and Age-Related Maculopathy in the Framingham Study Arch Ophthalmol, February 1, 1986; 104(2): 216 - 219. [Abstract] [PDF]
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F. L. Ferris III, S. L. Fine, and L. Hyman Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Blindness due to Neovascular Maculopathy Arch Ophthalmol, November 1, 1984; 102(11): 1640 - 1642. [Abstract] [PDF]
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