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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 114, No. 3: 362-368
Copyright © 1981 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

research-article

SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS VIRUS (ENTEROVIRUS TYPE 70) IN WEST AFRICA

III. STUDIES WITH ANIMAL SERA FROM GHANA AND SENEGAL

REISAKU KONO1,, AKIRA SASAGAWA1, SHUDO YAMAZAKI1, NAOKI NAKAZONO2, KAZUMORI MINAMI3, SHINROKU OTATSUME3, YVES ROBIN4, JEAN RENAUDET4, MICHEL CORNET4, SAM N. AFOAKWA5, JULIUS A. A. MINGLE5, J. K. OBINIM6 and A. HUROS7

1National Institute of Health Tokyo, Japan
2Hokkaido University School of Medicine Sapporo, Japan
3Fukushima Medical School Fukushima, Japan
4Institut Pasteur de Dakar Dakar, Senegal
5University of Ghana Medical School Accra, Ghana
6Veterinary Hospital Accra, Ghana
7Agricultural Research Station University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

Reprint requests to Dr. Reisaku Kono, Director, Central Virus Diagnostic Laboratory, National Institute of Health, 4-7-1, Gakuen Musashimurayama, Tokyo 190-12, Japan

One hundred and thirty-nine bovine sara collected in Senegal in 1968 and 1969, before the human pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), and 145 sera collected in 1977, seven years after the introductIon of AHC, were tested for virus neutralizing (VN) titers against enterovirus 70 (EV70) in neutralization tests. Positive rates of VN titers (1:16) were fairly constant (about 40%) In 1968 and 1969 but the proportion of positives from the 1977 collection was significantly higher (61%). The proportion of Ghanaian bovine sera positive In 1977 (39%) was comparable with those collected earlier in Senegal but the proportion was lower in sara of calves (7%). Similar studies were performed on sheep sara collected in 1966, 1967, 1968 and 1969 in Senegal. The proportions positive and the geometric mean titers (GMTs) peaked in alternate years: the proportions were 43% and 54% in 1966 and 1968 but dropped to 12% and 5% in 1967 and 1969, respectively. The prevalence rate for Ghanaian sheep sera in 1977 was comparable to the earlier figures in Senegal. The prevalence of VN (83%) and the GMT (1:27.28) in swine sara in Ghana in 1977 were much higher than those seen in chickens and dogs. However, 87 sara of wild monkeys caught in Senegal after 1970 were negative in neutralization tests. The VN substance detected in these domestic animals was found to be 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive; hence it is considered to belong to IgM. The results seem to favor the hypothesis that enterovirus type 70 (EV70) evolved from an animal enterovirus which shares a common antigen with EV70.

conjunctivitis; enteroviruses; eye diseases; serology


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